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      Notes on two closely related spider species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group (Araneae, Pholcidae) from Beijing, China

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          Abstract

          The Pholcus phungiformes species group is highly diverse and currently contains 53 species. In this study, Pholcus tongyaoi Wang & Yao, sp. nov. (male, female) from Huairou District, Beijing, China is described while similar congener Pholcus lexuancanhi Yao, Pham & Li, 2012 from neighboring Haidian District (type locality) is redescribed; the female of P. lexuancanhi is described for the first time. In addition, the DNA barcode COI for the two species was obtained to estimate p-distance.

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          Spider taxonomy for an advanced China.

          S Li, S. Li, SQ Li … (2020)
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            Histoire naturelle des araignées. /

            Eugene Simon (1892)
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              Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders

              Jonas Eberle, Dimitar Dimitrov, Alejandro Valdez-Mondragón … (2018)
              Background Microhabitat changes are thought to be among the main drivers of diversification. However, this conclusion is mostly based on studies on vertebrates. Here, we investigate the influence of microhabitat on diversification rates in pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae). Diversification analyses were conducted in the framework of the largest molecular phylogeny of pholcid spiders to date based on three nuclear and three mitochondrial loci from 600 species representing more than 85% of the currently described pholcid genera. Results Assessments of ancestral microhabitat revealed frequent evolutionary change. In particular, within the largest subfamily Pholcinae, numerous changes from near-ground habitats towards leaves and back were found. In general, taxa occupying leaves and large sheltered spaces had higher diversification rates than ground-dwelling taxa. Shifts in speciation rate were found in leaf- and space-dwelling taxa. Conclusions Our analyses result in one of the most comprehensive phylogenies available for a major spider family and provide a framework for any subsequent studies of pholcid spider biology. Diversification analyses strongly suggest that microhabitat is an important factor influencing diversification patterns in pholcid spiders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1244-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Zhiyuan Yao:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-0949
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Zookeys
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Zookeys
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 2
                Journal ID (index): urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7E
                Journal ID (aggregator): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727A
                Title: ZooKeys
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 1313-2989
                ISSN (Electronic): 1313-2970
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 September 2020
                Volume: 965
                Pages: 1-16
                Affiliations
                [1 ] College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China
                [2 ] Liaoning Key Laboratory of Evolution and Biodiversity, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China Liaoning Key Laboratory of Evolution and Biodiversity Shenyang China
                [3 ] Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Evolution and Agricultural Ecology, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Evolution and Agricultural Ecology Shenyang China
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Zhiyuan Yao ( yaozy@ 123456synu.edu.cn )

                Academic editor: Gergin Blagoev

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-0949
                Article
                Publisher ID: 56199
                DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.965.56199
                PMC ID: 7486310
                SO-VID: 5be17c84-c094-4cd1-b27f-6f84310447b5
                Copyright © Xiang Wang, Shumaila Shaheen, Qiaoqiao He, Zhiyuan Yao
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 08 July 2020
                Date accepted : 13 August 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Pholcidae
                Subject: Taxonomy
                Subject: China

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Keywords: daddy-long-leg spider,dna barcode,morphology, pholcinae ,taxonomy,animalia,araneae,pholcidae
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Keywords: daddy-long-leg spider, dna barcode, morphology, pholcinae , taxonomy, animalia, araneae, pholcidae

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