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      Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a Case of Dengue Fever: A Rare Presentation.

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          Abstract

          Here, we present an unusual occurrence of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in a case of dengue fever. Both the conditions are fatal and can result in significant mortality and morbidity if left untreated. In this case, as soon as, we diagnosed the patient as having TTP, we treated her with plasma exchange therapy, steroids, and monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab. The patient responded very well to the treatment and completely recovered from neurological symptoms and laboratory parameters also normalized. Hence, timely diagnosis and starting appropriate treatment immediately are key factors for successful outcome.

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          Most cited references12

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          Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever.

          The incidence and geographical distribution of dengue have greatly increased in recent years. Dengue is an acute mosquito-transmitted viral disease characterised by fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, rash, nausea, and vomiting. Some infections result in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), a syndrome that in its most severe form can threaten the patient's life, primarily through increased vascular permeability and shock. The case fatality rate in patients with dengue shock syndrome can be as high as 44%. For decades, two distinct hypotheses to explain the mechanism of DHF have been debated-secondary infection or viral virulence. However, a combination of both now seems to be the plausible explanation. The geographical expansion of DHF presents the need for well-documented clinical, epidemiological, and virological descriptions of the syndrome in the Americas. Biological and social research are essential to develop effective mosquito control, medications to reduce capillary leakage, and a safe tetravalent vaccine.
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            Dengue: an update.

            This review is an update of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) based on international and Cuban experience. We describe the virus characteristics and risk factors for dengue and DHF, and compare incidence and the case fatality rates in endemic regions (southeast Asia, western Pacific, and the Americas). The clinical picture and the pathogenesis of the severe disease are explained. We also discuss the viral, individual, and environmental factors that determine severe disease. Much more research is necessary to clarify these mechanisms. Also reviewed are methods for viral isolation and the serological, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods applied in the diagnosis of the disease. We describe the status of vaccine development and emphasise that the only alternative that we have today to control the disease is through control of its vector Aedes aegypti.
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              Severe dengue virus infection in travelers: risk factors and laboratory indicators.

              Dengue fever is the most common arboviral disease in travelers. In countries where dengue virus is endemic, sequential (secondary) infections with different dengue virus serotypes are associated with disease severity. Data on severity and secondary infection rates in a population of travelers are lacking. Intensified surveillance of dengue fever in travelers was performed within the European Network on Surveillance of Imported Infectious Diseases. Data were collected at 14 European clinical referral centers between 2003 and 2005. A total of 219 dengue virus infections imported from various regions of endemicity were reported. Serological analysis revealed a secondary immune response in 17%. Spontaneous bleeding was observed in 17 (8%) patients and was associated with increased serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels and lower median platelet counts. Two (0.9%) patients fulfilled the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition for dengue hemorrhagic fever. However, 23 (11%) travelers had severe clinical manifestations (internal hemorrhage, plasma leakage, shock, or marked thrombocytopenia). A secondary immune response was significantly associated with both spontaneous bleeding and other severe clinical manifestations. In travelers, severe dengue virus infections are not uncommon but may be missed if the WHO classification is strictly applied. High liver enzyme levels and low platelet counts could serve as indicators of disease severity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Indian J Crit Care Med
                Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine
                Medknow
                0972-5229
                0972-5229
                Apr 2017
                : 21
                : 4
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Critical Care Medicine, Aditya Birla Memorial Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
                [2 ] Department of Hematology, Aditya Birla Memorial Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
                Article
                IJCCM-21-226
                10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_27_16
                5416791
                28515608
                902722da-9ddd-47d5-b1f6-a9cde279b0a2
                History

                ADAMTS13,dengue fever,plasma exchange therapy,rare case presentation,thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

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