Vehicle-related injuries in and around a medium sized Swedish City - bicyclist injuries caused the heaviest burden on the medical sector.

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Abstract

A data acquisition from the medical sector may give one important view of the burden on the society caused by vehicle related injuries. The official police-reported statistics may only reflect a part of all vehicle-related injured seeking medical attention. The aim is to provide a comprehensive picture of the burden of vehicle related injuries on the medical sector (2013), and to compare with official police-reported statistics and the development year 2000-2013.

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Most cited references 34

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Distraction and pedestrian safety: how talking on the phone, texting, and listening to music impact crossing the street.

David Schwebel, Despina Stavrinos, Katherine W Byington … (2012)

As use of handheld multimedia devices has exploded globally, safety experts have begun to consider the impact of distraction while talking, text-messaging, or listening to music on traffic safety. This study was designed to test how talking on the phone, texting, and listening to music may influence pedestrian safety. 138 college students crossed an interactive, semi-immersive virtual pedestrian street. They were randomly assigned to one of four groups: crossing while talking on the phone, crossing while texting, crossing while listening to a personal music device, or crossing while undistracted. Participants distracted by music or texting were more likely to be hit by a vehicle in the virtual pedestrian environment than were undistracted participants. Participants in all three distracted groups were more likely to look away from the street environment (and look toward other places, such as their telephone or music device) than were undistracted participants. Findings were maintained after controlling for demographics, walking frequency, and media use frequency. Distraction from multimedia devices has a small but meaningful impact on college students' pedestrian safety. Future research should consider the cognitive demands of pedestrian safety, and how those processes may be impacted by distraction. Policymakers might consider ways to protect distracted pedestrians from harm and to reduce the number of individuals crossing streets while distracted. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Pedestrians, vehicles, and cell phones.

Sandra Crowell, Mark Neider, Jason McCarley … (2010)

With cellular phones and portable music players becoming a staple in everyday life, questions have arisen regarding the attentional deficits that might occur when such devices are used while performing other tasks. Here, we used a street-crossing task in an immersive virtual environment to test how this sort of divided attention affects pedestrian behavior when crossing a busy street. Thirty-six participants navigated through a series of unsigned intersections by walking on a manual treadmill in a virtual environment. While crossing, participants were undistracted, engaged in a hands free cell phone conversation, or listening to music on an iPod. Pedestrians were less likely to successfully cross the road when conversing on a cell phone than when listening to music, even though they took more time to initiate their crossing when conversing on a cell phone ( approximately 1.5s). This success rate difference was driven largely by failures to cross the road in the allotted trial time period (30s), suggesting that when conversing on a cell phone pedestrians are less likely to recognize and act on crossing opportunities. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Distracted walking: cell phones increase injury risk for college pedestrians.

Despina Stavrinos, Katherine W Byington, David Schwebel (2011)

Distraction on cell phones jeopardizes motor-vehicle driver safety, but few studies examine distracted walking. At particular risk are college students, who walk frequently in and near traffic, have increased pedestrian injury rates compared to other age groups, and frequently use cell phones. Using an interactive and immersive virtual environment, two experiments studied the effect of cell phone conversation on distraction of college student pedestrians. In the first, we examined whether pedestrians would display riskier behavior when distracted by a naturalistic cell phone conversation than when undistracted. We also considered whether individual difference factors would moderate the effect of the distraction. In a second experiment, we examined the impact of three forms of distraction on pedestrian safety: (a) engaging in a cell phone conversation, (b) engaging in a cognitively challenging spatial task by phone, and (c) engaging in a cognitively challenging mental arithmetic task by phone. Results revealed that cell phone conversations distracted college pedestrians considerably across all pedestrian safety variables measured, with just one exception. Attention to traffic was not affected by the naturalistic phone conversation in Experiment 1, but was altered by the cognitively-demanding content of some types of conversation in Experiment 2. The content of the conversation did not play a major role in distraction across other variables; both mundane and cognitively complex conversations distracted participants. Moreover, no significant associations between individual difference factors and susceptibility to distraction emerged. Results may inform researchers, policy makers, and pedestrians themselves. Educational campaigns might discourage telephone conversations in pedestrian environments. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Inj Epidemiol

Title: Injury epidemiology

Publisher: Springer Nature

ISSN (Print): 2197-1714

Publication date (Electronic): Dec 2017

Volume: 4

Issue: 1

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Surgery, Umeå University, SE 90187, Umeå, Sweden. Johanna.bjornstig@umu.se.

[2 ] Department of Surgery, Umeå University, SE 90187, Umeå, Sweden.

Article

Publisher Item ID: 10.1186/s40621-016-0101-8

DOI: 10.1186/s40621-016-0101-8

PMC ID: 5258650

PubMed ID: 28116658

SO-VID: f306b262-917f-4f40-be4e-e0bcb2bceda3

History

Keywords: Bicyclists,Crashes,Hospitalization,Police statistics,Traffic injuries,Vehicle

Data availability:

Keywords: Bicyclists, Crashes, Hospitalization, Police statistics, Traffic injuries, Vehicle

Vehicle-related injuries in and around a medium sized Swedish City - bicyclist injuries caused the heaviest burden on the medical sector.

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Special series: Supporting Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Educational Technology Sector to Become More Research-minded

Most cited references 34

Distraction and pedestrian safety: how talking on the phone, texting, and listening to music impact crossing the street.

Pedestrians, vehicles, and cell phones.

Distracted walking: cell phones increase injury risk for college pedestrians.

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