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      A dehydrated space-weathered skin cloaking the hydrated interior of Ryugu.

      1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 11 , 11 , 11 , 12 , 12 , 12 , 12 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 16 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 11 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 32 , 1 , 1 , 35 , 35 , 35 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 40 , 41 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 41 , 41 , 44 , 43 , 45 , 44 , 40 , 41 , 41 , 46 , 41 , 41 , 42 , 41 , 47 , 44 , 48 , 42 , 41 , 41 , 41 , 38 , 41 , 48 , 42 , 48 , 42 , 49 , 41 , 41 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 41 , 41 , 42 , 41 , 50 , 41 , 47 , 41 , 43 , 38 , 47 , 41 , 41 , 42 , 41 , 42 , 51 , 38 , 52 , 41 , 47 , 47 , 41 , 41 , 41 , 42 , 41 , 41 , 41 , 42 , 41 , 41 , 41 , 53 , 41 , 53 , 53 , 41 , 41 , 41 , 53 , 53 , 41 , 41 , 41 , 41 , 41 , 19 , 54 , 19 , 55 , 11 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 9 , 57 , 41 , 58 , 59 , 41
      Nature astronomy
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC
      Meteoritics, Planetary science

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          Abstract

          Without a protective atmosphere, space-exposed surfaces of airless Solar System bodies gradually experience an alteration in composition, structure and optical properties through a collective process called space weathering. The return of samples from near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu by Hayabusa2 provides the first opportunity for laboratory study of space-weathering signatures on the most abundant type of inner solar system body: a C-type asteroid, composed of materials largely unchanged since the formation of the Solar System. Weathered Ryugu grains show areas of surface amorphization and partial melting of phyllosilicates, in which reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ and dehydration developed. Space weathering probably contributed to dehydration by dehydroxylation of Ryugu surface phyllosilicates that had already lost interlayer water molecules and to weakening of the 2.7 µm hydroxyl (-OH) band in reflectance spectra. For C-type asteroids in general, this indicates that a weak 2.7 µm band can signify space-weathering-induced surface dehydration, rather than bulk volatile loss.

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          Most cited references66

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          ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT.

          A software package for the analysis of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data is presented. This package is based on the IFEFFIT library of numerical and XAS algorithms and is written in the Perl programming language using the Perl/Tk graphics toolkit. The programs described here are: (i) ATHENA, a program for XAS data processing, (ii) ARTEMIS, a program for EXAFS data analysis using theoretical standards from FEFF and (iii) HEPHAESTUS, a collection of beamline utilities based on tables of atomic absorption data. These programs enable high-quality data analysis that is accessible to novices while still powerful enough to meet the demands of an expert practitioner. The programs run on all major computer platforms and are freely available under the terms of a free software license.
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            Collisional balance of the meteoritic complex

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              Evidence for widespread hydrated minerals on asteroid (101955) Bennu

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nat Astron
                Nature astronomy
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                2397-3366
                2397-3366
                2023
                : 7
                : 2
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
                [2 ] The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
                [3 ] Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
                [4 ] Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
                [5 ] Pan-Omics Data-Driven Research Innovation Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
                [6 ] Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
                [7 ] The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
                [8 ] Department of Geosciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
                [9 ] Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
                [10 ] Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, X-Star, JAMSTEC, Nankoku, Japan.
                [11 ] Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, The University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA.
                [12 ] Unité Matériaux et Transformations UMR 8207, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Lille, France.
                [13 ] Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul FR 2638, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Université Artois, Lille, France.
                [14 ] Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany.
                [15 ] European Space Resources Innovation Centre, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
                [16 ] Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France.
                [17 ] NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA.
                [18 ] Materials Characterization Lab, The Pennsylvania State University Materials Research Institute, University Park, USA.
                [19 ] Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
                [20 ] Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA.
                [21 ] Buseck Center for Meteorite Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA.
                [22 ] Materials Science and Technology Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC USA.
                [23 ] NRC Postdoctoral Research Associate, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC USA.
                [24 ] Space Park Leichester, The University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
                [25 ] School of Geology, Geography and the Environment, The University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
                [26 ] School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
                [27 ] Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales Australia.
                [28 ] Department of Materials, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
                [29 ] School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia.
                [30 ] ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX USA.
                [31 ] Jacobs Engineering, Dallas, TX USA.
                [32 ] Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.
                [33 ] CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China.
                [34 ] CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, China.
                [35 ] Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Sayo, Japan.
                [36 ] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
                [37 ] Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Earth Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.
                [38 ] Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
                [39 ] Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
                [40 ] Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
                [41 ] Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan.
                [42 ] The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan.
                [43 ] Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
                [44 ] Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan.
                [45 ] Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
                [46 ] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
                [47 ] Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan.
                [48 ] National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
                [49 ] Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
                [50 ] Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
                [51 ] Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
                [52 ] Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan.
                [53 ] Marine Works Japan Ltd, Yokosuka, Japan.
                [54 ] Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA.
                [55 ] Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
                [56 ] Creative Research Institution Sousei, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
                [57 ] Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
                [58 ] UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
                [59 ] Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
                Article
                1841
                10.1038/s41550-022-01841-6
                9943745
                36845884
                6fd18e92-ae63-4f93-8d92-7a68ff83de5d
                History

                Planetary science,Meteoritics
                Planetary science, Meteoritics

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