Ashtrays and signage as determinants of a smoke-free legislation's success.

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Successful smoke-free legislation is dependent on political will, enforcement and societal support. We report the success and pitfalls of a non-enforced nationwide smoke-free legislation in Greece, as well as ways in which compliance and enforcement-related factors, including ashtrays and signage, may impact indoor secondhand smoke (SHS) concentrations.

Related collections

Most cited references 16

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries.

Mattias Öberg, Maritta Jaakkola, Alistair Woodward … (2011)

Exposure to second-hand smoke is common in many countries but the magnitude of the problem worldwide is poorly described. We aimed to estimate the worldwide exposure to second-hand smoke and its burden of disease in children and adult non-smokers in 2004. The burden of disease from second-hand smoke was estimated as deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for children and adult non-smokers. The calculations were based on disease-specific relative risk estimates and area-specific estimates of the proportion of people exposed to second-hand smoke, by comparative risk assessment methods, with data from 192 countries during 2004. Worldwide, 40% of children, 33% of male non-smokers, and 35% of female non-smokers were exposed to second-hand smoke in 2004. This exposure was estimated to have caused 379,000 deaths from ischaemic heart disease, 165,000 from lower respiratory infections, 36,900 from asthma, and 21,400 from lung cancer. 603,000 deaths were attributable to second-hand smoke in 2004, which was about 1·0% of worldwide mortality. 47% of deaths from second-hand smoke occurred in women, 28% in children, and 26% in men. DALYs lost because of exposure to second-hand smoke amounted to 10·9 million, which was about 0·7% of total worldwide burden of diseases in DALYs in 2004. 61% of DALYs were in children. The largest disease burdens were from lower respiratory infections in children younger than 5 years (5,939,000), ischaemic heart disease in adults (2,836,000), and asthma in adults (1,246,000) and children (651,000). These estimates of worldwide burden of disease attributable to second-hand smoke suggest that substantial health gains could be made by extending effective public health and clinical interventions to reduce passive smoking worldwide. Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare and Bloomberg Philanthropies. Copyright Â© 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

0 comments Cited 565 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Smoke-free legislation and hospitalizations for childhood asthma.

Daniel Mackay, Sally Haw, Jon Ayres … (2010)

Previous studies have shown that after the adoption of comprehensive smoke-free legislation, there is a reduction in respiratory symptoms among workers in bars. However, it is not known whether respiratory disease is also reduced among people who do not have occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The aim of our study was to determine whether the ban on smoking in public places in Scotland, which was initiated in March 2006, influenced the rate of hospital admissions for childhood asthma. Routine hospital administrative data were used to identify all hospital admissions for asthma in Scotland from January 2000 through October 2009 among children younger than 15 years of age. A negative binomial regression model was fitted, with adjustment for age group, sex, quintile of socioeconomic status, urban or rural residence, month, and year. Tests for interactions were also performed. Before the legislation was implemented, admissions for asthma were increasing at a mean rate of 5.2% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9 to 6.6). After implementation of the legislation, there was a mean reduction in the rate of admissions of 18.2% per year relative to the rate on March 26, 2006 (95% CI, 14.7 to 21.8; P<0.001). The reduction was apparent among both preschool and school-age children. There were no significant interactions between hospital admissions for asthma and age group, sex, urban or rural residence, region, or quintile of socioeconomic status. In Scotland, passage of smoke-free legislation in 2006 was associated with a subsequent reduction in the rate of respiratory disease in populations other than those with occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. (Funded by NHS Health Scotland.)

0 comments Cited 92 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

A 32-country comparison of tobacco smoke derived particle levels in indoor public places.

A. Hyland, M. Travers, C Dresler … (2008)

To compare tobacco smoke-derived particulate levels in transportation and hospitality venues with and without smoking in 32 countries using a standardised measurement protocol. The TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor was used to measure the concentration of particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM(2.5)) in 1822 bars, restaurants, retail outlets, airports and other workplaces in 32 geographically dispersed countries between 2003 and 2007. Geometric mean PM(2.5) levels were highest in Syria (372 microg/m(3)), Romania (366 microg/m(3)) and Lebanon (346 microg/m(3)), while they were lowest in the three countries that have nationwide laws prohibiting smoking in indoor public places (Ireland at 22 microg/m(3), Uruguay at 18 microg/m(3) and New Zealand at 8 microg/m(3)). On average, the PM(2.5) levels in places where smoking was observed was 8.9 times greater (95% CI 8.0 to 10) than levels in places where smoking was not observed. Levels of indoor fine particle air pollution in places where smoking is observed are typically greater than levels that the World Health Organization and US Environmental Protection Agency have concluded are harmful to human health.

0 comments Cited 46 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE

Title: PloS one

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203

ISSN (Print): 1932-6203

Publication date (Electronic): 2013

Volume: 8

Issue: 9

Affiliations

[1 ] Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Smoking and Lung Cancer Research Center, Hellenic Cancer Society, Athens, Greece ; Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.

Article

Publisher Item ID: PONE-D-13-02752

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072945

PMC ID: 3762932

PubMed ID: 24023795

SO-VID: c0d33bdc-7150-4727-a0dc-8f6e631ee17c

History

Data availability:

Comments

Comment on this article

scite_

Cited by 15

See all cited by

Most referenced authors 148

See all reference authors

- Version 1

Ashtrays and signage as determinants of a smoke-free legislation's success.

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

PLOS Climate

Most cited references 16

Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries.

Smoke-free legislation and hospitalizations for childhood asthma.

A 32-country comparison of tobacco smoke derived particle levels in indoor public places.

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 35

Cited by 15

Most referenced authors 148