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Abstract
Reports of amphibians exploiting subterranean habitats are common, with salamanders
being the most frequent and studied inhabitants. Anurans can occasionally be observed
in caves and other subterranean habitats, but in contrast to salamanders, breeding
had never been reported in a cave or similar subterranean habitat in Western Europe.
Based on observations during visits to a drainage gallery in Serra da Estrela, Portugal,
from May 2010 to December 2012, here we document: (i) first report of Rana iberica
reproduction in cave-like habitat, representing the fourth report of an anuran for
the Palearctic ecozone; (ii) oophagic habits of the tadpoles of R. iberica; and (iii)
Salamandra salamandra predation on R. iberica larvae. These observations, particularly
of R. iberica, highlight our lack of knowledge of subterranean ecosystems in the Iberian
Peninsula.