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      Call for Papers: Green Renal Replacement Therapy: Caring for the Environment

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      About Blood Purification: 3.0 Impact Factor I 5.6 CiteScore I 0.83 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Comparison of Tinzaparin and unfractionated heparin as anticoagulation on haemodialysis: equal safety, efficacy and economical parity.

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          Abstract

          The European Best Practice Guidelines on anticoagulation in chronic haemodialysis recommend the use of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) over unfractionated heparin (UFH), based on previous small-scale studies and a meta-analysis which demonstrated equal efficacy of anticoagulation without an increase in hemorrhagic events.

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          Safety and efficacy of low molecular weight heparins for hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal failure: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.

          Caroline Crowther, Wendy Lim, Bruce Cook (2004)
          Low molecular weight heparins (LWMH) are the preferred initial treatment for many thromboembolic disorders but are renally excreted and relatively contraindicated in patients with renal failure because of concerns of increased bleeding risks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LMWH compared with unfractionated heparin (UFH) for preventing thrombosis of the extracorporeal dialysis circuit. Studies were identified with the use of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and FirstSearch; reference lists were reviewed; and pharmaceutical companies were contacted. Randomized, controlled trials that compared an LMWH with another anticoagulant during hemodialysis in patients with ESRD and reported at least one of bleeding, extracorporeal circuit thrombosis, or anti-Xa levels were chosen. Two reviewers independently extracted data on methodologic quality, study design, clinical outcomes, and anti-Xa levels. Seventeen trials were included in this systematic review, 11 of which were included in the meta-analysis. It was found that LMWH did not significantly affect the number of bleeding events (relative risk, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 3.43), bleeding assessed by vascular access compression time (weighted mean difference, -0.87; 95% CI, -2.75 to 1.02), or extracorporeal circuit thrombosis (relative risk, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.91) as compared with UFH. LMWH seem to be as safe as UFH in terms of bleeding complications and as effective as UFH in preventing extracorporeal circuit thrombosis. However, inferences from these trials assessing anticoagulation for patients who undergo hemodialysis will continue to be weak until larger, more rigorous randomized trials are conducted.
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            Development of platelet contractile force as a research and clinical measure of platelet function.

            David Carr (2002)
            This article reviews work performed at the Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University during the development of a whole-blood assay of platelet function. The new assay is capable of assessing platelet function during clotting and thus allows measurement of the contribution of platelets to thrombin generation. Because platelets are monitored in the presence of thrombin, the test gages platelets under conditions of maximal activation. Three parameters are simultaneously assessed on one 700 microL sample of citrated whole blood. Platelet contractile force (PCF), the force produced by platelets during clot retraction, is directly measured as a function of time. This parameter is sensitive to platelet number, platelet metabolic status, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa status, and the presence of antithrombin activities. Clot elastic modulus (CEM), also measured as a function of time, is sensitive to fibrinogen concentration, platelet concentration, the rate of thrombin generation, the flexibility of red cells, and the production of force by platelets. The third parameter, the thrombin generation time (TGT) is determined from the PCF kinetics curve. Because PCF is absolutely thrombin dependent (no thrombin-no force), the initial upswing in PCF occurs at the moment of thrombin production. TGT is sensitive to clotting factor deficiencies, clotting factor inhibitors, and the presence of antithrombins, all of which prolong the TGT and are known to be hemophilic states. Treatment of hemophilic states with hemostatic agents shortens the TGT toward normal. TGT has been demonstrated to be shorter and PCF to be increased in coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and several other thrombophilic states. Treatment of thrombophilic states with a variety of heparin and nonheparin anticoagulants prolongs the TGT toward normal. The combination of PCF, CEM, and TGT measured on the same sample may allow rapid assessment of global hemostasis and the response to a variety of procoagulant and anticoagulant medications.
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              Enoxaparin and bleeding complications: a review in patients with and without renal insufficiency.

              S S Seth, Kerry Pickworth, John Gerlach … (2000)
              To compare the frequency of bleeding complications from enoxaparin in patients with normal renal function versus patients with renal insufficiency. Retrospective chart review. University-based tertiary care center. One hundred six patients who received two or more doses of enoxaparin. Total bleeding complications occurred in 22% of patients with normal renal function and 51% with renal insufficiency (p<0.01). Major bleeds were also significantly different, 2% and 30%, respectively (p<0.001). No patients with normal renal function were given fresh-frozen plasma or packed red blood cells, whereas in those with renal insufficiency, 13% and 32%, respectively, received these products (p<0.01). Enoxaparin may have resulted in increased bleeding complications and use of blood products in patients with renal insufficiency. Prospective studies need to be conducted to define the drug's role and dosage adjustments in these patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nephron Clin Pract
                Title: Nephron. Clinical practice
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-2110
                ISSN (Print): 1660-2110
                Publication date (Electronic): 2008
                Volume: 110
                Issue: 2
                Affiliations
                [1 ] South West Thames Renal Unit, St Helier Hospital, London, UK.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: 000158561
                DOI: 10.1159/000158561
                PubMed ID: 18824874
                SO-VID: 121b8b1d-1ab6-4e80-ac70-f92b31766e0a
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