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      Diet and ecomorphological relationships of an endemic, species-poor fish assemblage in a stream in the Iguaçu National Park

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          Abstract

          This study investigated the morphological and dietary relationships of the fish assemblage in a stream with an endemic fauna and low species richness. The ichthyofauna was sampled quarterly from September 2011 to July 2012, through the electrofishing technique. The stomach contents of 419 individuals belonging to seven species were analyzed by the volumetric method, and the ecomorphological traits of 30 specimens of each species were estimated. The main food items consumed were detritus, aquatic and terrestrial insects, and other aquatic invertebrates. We observed low levels of trophic niche breadth and diet overlap between most species. The PCA scores indicated the occurrence of three ecomorphotypes. PCA axis 1 segregated at one extreme, species with dorsoventrally depressed bodies, longer caudal peduncles, and well-developed swimming fins; and at the other extreme, species with compressed bodies and peduncles, and relatively larger eyes and anal fins. PCA axis 2 segregated species with elongated bodies and ventrally oblique mouths. The partial Mantel test revealed a significant correlation between diet and morphology, indicating independence from the phylogeny. The patterns observed suggest that the low richness did not result in a broadening of the species' trophic niches, or in the absence of some of the main ecomorphotypes expected.

          Translated abstract

          Este estudo teve como objetivos investigar as relações morfológicas e alimentares de uma assembleia de peixes com fauna endêmica e de baixa riqueza de espécies. Os peixes foram amostrados trimestralmente entre setembro de 2011 a julho de 2012, através da técnica da pesca elétrica. Foram obtidas as medidas morfométricas que possibilitaram os cálculos dos índices ecomorfológicos e analisados os conteúdos estomacais de 419 indivíduos, pertencentes a sete espécies, através do método volumétrico. Os principais itens alimentares consumidos pela assembleia de peixes foram detrito, insetos aquáticos e terrestres e outros invertebrados aquáticos. Observou-se baixos valores de amplitude de nicho trófico e de sobreposição alimentar entre a maioria das espécies. Os escores da PCA, indicaram a ocorrência de três ecomorfotipos. O eixo CP1 segregou em um extremo espécies com corpo deprimido dorso-ventralmente, pedúnculo caudal longo e as nadadeiras desenvolvidas, enquanto no outro extremo, espécies com corpos e pedúnculos comprimidos, área dos olhos e das nadadeiras anais relativamente maiores. Por outro lado, o eixo CP2 segregou espécies com corpos mais alongados, bocas ventralmente oblíquas. Através do Teste de Mantel verificou-se relação significativa entre a dieta e a morfologia. Assim, os principais padrões tróficos e ecomorfológicos verificados sugerem que a baixa riqueza, não repercutiu no alargamento do nicho trófico das espécies ou na inexistência de algum dos principais grupos ecomorfológicos.

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          Most cited references64

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá )
                1982-0224
                March 2015
                : 13
                : 1
                : 245-254
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Brazil
                Article
                S1679-62252015000100245
                10.1590/1982-0224-20140124
                c896f441-7c58-45f3-ba6a-bdf07a4c831f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1679-6225&lng=en
                Categories
                ZOOLOGY

                Animal science & Zoology
                Feeding ecology,Iguaçu River basin,Morphotypes,Niche overlap,Stream fishes

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