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      Carbon Dots as Potent Antimicrobial Agents

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          Abstract

          Carbon dots (CDots) have emerged to represent a highly promising new platform for visible/natural light-activated microbicidal agents. In this article, the syntheses, structures, and properties of CDots are highlighted, representative studies on their activities against bacteria, fungi, and viruses reviewed, and the related mechanistic insights discussed. Also highlighted and discussed are the excellent opportunities for potentially extremely broad applications of this new platform, including theranostics uses.

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          Carbon quantum dots: synthesis, properties and applications

          Youfu Wang, Aiguo Hu (2014)
          Article 0 comments Cited 475 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Focusing on luminescent graphene quantum dots: current status and future perspectives.

            Lingling Li, Gehui Wu, Guohai Yang … (2013)
            To obtain graphene-based fluorescent materials, one of the effective approaches is to convert one-dimensional (1D) graphene to 0D graphene quantum dots (GQDs), yielding an emerging nanolight with extraordinary properties due to their remarkable quantum confinement and edge effects. In this review, the state-of-the-art knowledge of GQDs is presented. The synthetic methods were summarized, with emphasis on the top-down routes which possess the advantages of abundant raw materials, large scale production and simple operation. Optical properties of GQDs are also systematically discussed ranging from the mechanism, the influencing factors to the optical tunability. The current applications are also reviewed, followed by an outlook on their future and potential development, involving the effective synthetic methods, systematic photoluminescent mechanism, bandgap engineering, in addition to the potential applications in bioimaging, sensors, etc.
            Article 0 comments Cited 336 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and cytotoxicity of nanomaterials.

              Feng Zhao, Ying Zhao, Ying Liu … (2011)
              The interactions of nanoparticles with the soft surfaces of biological systems like cells play key roles in executing their biomedical functions and in toxicity. The discovery or design of new biomedical functions, or the prediction of the toxicological consequences of nanoparticles in vivo, first require knowledge of the interplay processes of the nanoparticles with the target cells. This article focusses on the cellular uptake, location and translocation, and any biological consequences, such as cytotoxicity, of the most widely studied and used nanoparticles, such as carbon-based nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and quantum dots. The relevance of the size and shape, composition, charge, and surface chemistry of the nanoparticles in cells is considered. The intracellular uptake pathways of the nanoparticles and the cellular responses, with potential signaling pathways activated by nanoparticle interactions, are also discussed. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
              Article 0 comments Cited 287 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Theranostics
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Theranostics
                Journal ID (publisher-id): thno
                Title: Theranostics
                Publisher: Ivyspring International Publisher (Sydney )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1838-7640
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 January 2020
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 671-686
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
                [2 ]Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
                [3 ]Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, Missouri 64468, USA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

                Article
                Publisher ID: thnov10p0671
                DOI: 10.7150/thno.39863
                PMC ID: 6929978
                SO-VID: 5b518e6f-bfef-4196-ac5a-4139fbb4def6
                Copyright © © The author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.

                History
                Date received : 1 September 2019
                Date accepted : 13 October 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: carbon dots,antimicrobial,light activation,photodynamic effect,reactive oxygen species,multi-drug resistance.
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: carbon dots, antimicrobial, light activation, photodynamic effect, reactive oxygen species, multi-drug resistance.

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