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      Contact Transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea: Novel Investigation Techniques for Tracing Contacts.

      COVID-19 National Emergency Response Center, Epidemiology & Case Management Team, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention
      Osong public health and research perspectives
      E-Tree Publishing
      2019 novel coronavirus infection, contact tracing, global positioning system, infectious disease, medical records

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          Abstract

          In the epidemiological investigation of an infectious disease, investigating, classifying, tracking, and managing contacts by identifying the patient's route are important for preventing further transmission of the disease. However, omissions and errors in previous activities can occur when the investigation is performed through only a proxy interview with the patient. To overcome these limitations, methods that can objectively verify the patient's claims (medical facility records, Global Positioning System, card transactions, and closed-circuit television) were used for the recent ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 contact investigations in South Korea.

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          Epidemic Assistance by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Role of the Epidemic Intelligence Service, 1946–2005

          Abstract Since 1946, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has responded to urgent requests from US states, federal agencies, and international organizations through epidemic-assistance investigations (Epi-Aids). The authors describe the first 60 years of Epi-Aids, breadth of problems addressed, evolution of methodologies, scope of activities, and impact of investigations on population health. They reviewed Epi-Aid reports and EIS Bulletins, contacted current and former Epidemic Intelligence Service staff, and systematically searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases. They abstracted information on dates, location, staff involved, health problems, methods, and impacts of investigations according to a preplanned protocol. They assessed the methods presented as well as the quality of reports. During 1946–2005, a total of 4,484 investigations of health events were initiated by 2,815 Epidemic Intelligence Service officers. In the early years, the majority were in response to infectious agents, although environmental problems emerged. Investigations in subsequent years focused on occupational conditions, birth defects, reproductive health, tobacco use, cancer, violence, legal debate, and terrorism. These Epi-Aids heralded expansion of the agency's mission and presented new methods in statistics and epidemiology. Recommendations from Epi-Aids led to policy implementation, evaluation, or modification. Epi-Aids provide the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with the agility to respond rapidly to public health crises.
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            Author and article information

            Journal
            Osong Public Health Res Perspect
            Osong public health and research perspectives
            E-Tree Publishing
            2210-9099
            2210-9099
            Feb 2020
            : 11
            : 1
            Article
            ophrp-11-60
            10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.09
            7045882
            32149043
            3351b8a4-de39-4c23-b297-ddf523f439bc
            Copyright ©2020, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
            History

            2019 novel coronavirus infection,contact tracing,global positioning system,infectious disease,medical records

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