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      Technical Considerations and Confounders for Urine CXCL10 Chemokine Measurement.

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          Abstract

          The urine C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) is a promising screening biomarker for renal allograft rejection. The aim of the study was to investigate important technical and biological aspects as well as potential confounders when measuring urine CXCL10.

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          Subclinical rejection associated with chronic allograft nephropathy in protocol biopsies as a risk factor for late graft loss.

          Giovana Gil, J. Torras, J. Grinyó … (2006)
          Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) in protocol biopsies is associated with graft loss while the association between subclinical rejection (SCR) and outcome has yielded contradictory results. We analyze the predictive value of SCR and/or CAN in protocol biopsies on death-censored graft survival. Since 1988, a protocol biopsy was done during the first 6 months in stable grafts with serum creatinine <300 micromol/L and proteinuria <1 g/day. Biopsies were evaluated according to Banff criteria. Borderline changes and acute rejection were grouped as SCR. CAN was defined as presence of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Mean follow-up was 91 +/- 46 months. Sufficient tissue was obtained in 435 transplants. Biopsies were classified as normal (n = 186), SCR (n = 74), CAN (n = 110) and SCR with CAN (n = 65). Presence of SCR with CAN was associated with old donors, percentage of panel reactive antibodies and presence of acute rejection before protocol biopsy. Cox regression analysis showed that SCR with CAN (relative risk [RR]: 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-3.12; p = 0.02) and hepatitis C virus (RR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.38-3.75; p = 0.01) were independent predictors of graft survival. In protocol biopsies, the detrimental effect of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy on long-term graft survival is modulated by SCR.
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            A comprehensive analysis and annotation of human normal urinary proteome

            Mindi Zhao, Menglin Li, Yehong Yang … (2017)
            Biomarkers are measurable changes associated with the disease. Urine can reflect the changes of the body while blood is under control of the homeostatic mechanisms; thus, urine is considered an important source for early and sensitive disease biomarker discovery. A comprehensive profile of the urinary proteome will provide a basic understanding of urinary proteins. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of the urinary proteome based on different separation strategies, including direct one dimensional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), two dimensional LC/MS/MS, and gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis/liquid-phase isoelectric focusing followed by two dimensional LC/MS/MS. A total of 6085 proteins were identified in healthy urine, of which 2001 were not reported in previous studies and the concentrations of 2571 proteins were estimated (spanning a magnitude of 106) with an intensity-based absolute quantification algorithm. The urinary proteins were annotated by their tissue distribution. Detailed information can be accessed at the “Human Urine Proteome Database” (www.urimarker.com/urine).
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              Impact of subclinical inflammation on the development of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy in kidney transplant recipients.

              Kristin L. Mekeel, Harini Chakkera, Lee Mulligan … (2010)
              Our aim was to study the impact of subclinical inflammation on the development of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) on a 1-year protocol biopsy in patients on rapid steroid withdrawal (RSW). A total of 256 patients were classified based on protocol biopsy findings at months 1 or 4. Group 1 is 172 patients with no inflammation, group 2 is 50 patients with subclinical inflammation (SCI), group 3 is 19 patients with subclinical acute rejection (SAR) and group 4 is 15 patients with clinical acute rejection (CAR). On the 1-year biopsy, more patients in group 2 (SCI) (34%, p = 0.004) and group 3 (SAR) (53%, p = 0.0002), had an IF/TA score > 2 compared to group 1 (control) (15%). IF/TA was not increased in group 4 (CAR) (20%). The percent with IF/TA score > 2 and interstitial inflammation (Banff i score > 0) was higher in group 2 (16%, p = 0.004) and group 3 (37%, p 2 on the 1-year biopsy (OR 6.62, 95% CI 2.68-16.3). We conclude that SCI and SAR increase the risk of developing IF/TA in patient on RSW.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Transplant Direct
                Title: Transplantation direct
                Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
                ISSN: 2373-8731
                ISSN (Print): 2373-8731
                Publication date (Electronic): Jan 2020
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Transplantation Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
                [2 ] Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
                [3 ] HLA-Diagnostic and Immunogenetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
                [4 ] Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
                [5 ] Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
                [6 ] Transplantation and Nephrology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
                [7 ] Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
                [8 ] Diagnostic Services of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
                Article
                DOI: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000000959
                PMC ID: 6964934
                PubMed ID: 32047847
                SO-VID: e3daf01d-4bbe-475f-85ea-ed6bd76c41cc
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