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      X-tile: a new bio-informatics tool for biomarker assessment and outcome-based cut-point optimization.

      Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
      Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms, diagnosis, metabolism, pathology, Cohort Studies, Computational Biology, methods, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Lymph Nodes, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor, biosynthesis, Receptors, Estrogen, Software, Tumor Markers, Biological, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

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          Abstract

          The ability to parse tumors into subsets based on biomarker expression has many clinical applications; however, there is no global way to visualize the best cut-points for creating such divisions. We have developed a graphical method, the X-tile plot that illustrates the presence of substantial tumor subpopulations and shows the robustness of the relationship between a biomarker and outcome by construction of a two dimensional projection of every possible subpopulation. We validate X-tile plots by examining the expression of several established prognostic markers (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, estrogen receptor, p53 expression, patient age, tumor size, and node number) in cohorts of breast cancer patients and show how X-tile plots of each marker predict population subsets rooted in the known biology of their expression.

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