Functional Expression of the 11 Human Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides in Insect Cells Reveals that Sodium Fluorescein is a General OATP Substrate

Abstract

Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATPs), encoded by genes of the Solute Carrier Organic Anion ( SLCO) family, are transmembrane proteins involved in the uptake of various compounds of endogenous or exogenous origin. In addition to their physiological roles, OATPs influence the pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of several clinically relevant compounds. To examine the function and molecular interactions of human OATPs, including several poorly characterized family members, we expressed all 11 human OATPs at high levels in the baculovirus-Sf9 cell system. We measured the temperature- and inhibitor-sensitive cellular accumulation of sodium fluorescein and fluorescein-methotrexate, two fluorescent substrates of the OATPs, OATP1B1 and 1B3. OATP1B1 and 1B3 were functional in Sf9 cells, showing rapid uptake (t _{1/2(fluorescein-methotrexate)} 2.64 and 4.16 min, and t _{1/2(fluorescein)} 6.71 and 5.58 min for OATP1B1 and 1B3, respectively) and high-affinity transport (K _{m(fluorescein-methotrexate)} 0.23 and 0.53 μM, and K _{m(fluorescein)} 25.73 and 38.55 μM for OATP1B1 and 1B3, respectively) of both substrates. We found that sodium fluorescein is a general substrate of all human OATPs: 1A2, 1B1, 1B3, 1C1, 2A1, 2B1, 3A1, 4A1, 4C1, 5A1 and 6A1, while fluorescein-methotrexate is only transported by 1B1, 1B3, 1A2 and 2B1. Acidic extracellular pH greatly facilitated fluorescein uptake by all OATPs, and new molecular interactions were detected (between OATP2B1 and Imatinib, OATP3A1, 5A1 and 6A1 and estradiol 17-β–D-glucuronide, and OATP1C1 and 4C1 and prostaglandin E2). These studies demonstrate for the first time the applicability of the insect cell system for the functional expression of the entire human OATP family, and for drug-OATP interaction screening.