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      Arterial embolectomy in lower limbs

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Arterial embolisms in the lower limbs occur frequently, and are of great interest to the vascular surgeon. The authors studied 159 cases of arterial embolisms in lower limbs from January 1991 to July 1993. Ages varied from 12 to 98, with a mean of 58. Eighty patients were male and 78 were female. In most cases, etiology of the embolus was well-established, and mainly caused (78 percent) by atrial fibrillation. Occlusion was most frequent in the femoral artery (53.4 percent). All patients presented severe lower limb ischemia, but not gangrene, on admission. The duration of ischemia, between the onset of symptoms and the liberation of arterial flow, was in most patients (67.9 percent) less than 24 hours. All patients were submitted to lower limb embolectomy with the Fogarty catheter, of which 70.9 percent were done through the femoral artery. Fasciotomy was performed on 48 patients due to a compartimental syndrome. Nineteen patients died immediately after operation; 68.4 percent due to heart failure. Twenty-three (16.4 percent) of the 140 surviving patients (150 operated limbs) were submitted to amputations after the occlusion of artery branches, which had undergone embolectomies. One hundred and twenty-seven limbs (84.6 percent) were preserved in 117 patients (83.5 percent). Eleven cases (7.3 percent) required repeated surgery with the Fogarty catheter. The patients with muscle tenderness, paralysis, or ischemia lasting longer than 24 hours had worse results in relation to the preservation of the limb (p<0.05). We conclude that patients who present lower limb embolisms, are in good clinical condition, and who do not have any necrosis in the limbs, have good outcomes as to limb preservation, along with low complication rates, after embolectomy with the Fogarty catheter. Limb preservation was significantly higher in patients who did not present muscle tenderness, and who had normal motor activity and a ischemia duration of less than 24 hours.

          Translated abstract

          As embolias arteriais de membros inferiores ocorrem com grande freqüência na população em geral, correspondendo a importante área de interesse ao cirurgião vascular. Os autores analisaram 159 casos de embolia arterial em membros inferiores, atendidos de janeiro de 1991 a julho de 1993. A idade variou entre 12 a 98 anos (média de 58 anos), 81 pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 78 do sexo feminino. A etiologia da embolia foi na grande maioria dos casos bem definida, sendo que a principal causa foi a fibrilação atrial (78%). A oclusão da artéria femoral foi a mais frequente (53,4%). Todos os pacientes desta série apresentavam isquemia grave de membro. Nenhum paciente estava com gangrena à admissão. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava tempo de isquemia entre o início do quadro e da liberação do fluxo arterial menor que 24 horas (67,9%). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a embolectomia de membro inferior com catéter de Fogarty, 70,9% por acesso femoral. Empregou-se a fasciotomia em 48 pacientes devido a presença de síndrome comportamental. Dezenove pacientes faleceram, no pós-operatório imediato, a maioria deles por insuficiência cardíaca (68,4%). Dos 140 pacientes (150 membros) operados que sobreviveram, 23 (16,4%) apresentaram perda de membro após oclusão da árvore arterial previamente desobstruída pela embolectomia. Houve preservação de 127 membros (84,6%) em 117 pacientes (83,5%). Foi necessária a reiteração (nova passagem do catéter de fogarty) em onze casos (7,3%). Os pacientes com empastamento muscular, plegia ou tempo de isquemia maior que 24 horas tiveram piores resultados quanto à preservação de membro (p<0,05). Concluímos que em casos de embolia de membro inferior, apresentando-se o paciente em boas condições clínicas e com o membro sem necrose instalada, vale a pena a realização da embolectomia com catéter de Fogarty, devido aos bons resultados quanto à preservação do membro e baixos índices de complicações derivadas do procedimento cirúrgico. A preservação de membro foi significativamente maior nos pacientes sem empastamento muscular, com tempo de isquemia menor que 24 horas e atividade motora normal.

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          Most cited references19

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          Arterial emboli of the upper extremity: a persisting problem

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            EMBOLI TO THE ARM.

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              Experience with balloon catheter technique for arterial embolectomy

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                spmj
                Sao Paulo Medical Journal
                Sao Paulo Med. J.
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM (São Paulo )
                1806-9460
                August 1996
                : 114
                : 4
                : 1226-1230
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1516-31801996000400007
                10.1590/S1516-31801996000400007
                0019aca1-8236-4caf-a1a4-051b6707a371

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-3180&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Femoral artery,Vascular surgery,Embolectomy
                Internal medicine
                Femoral artery, Vascular surgery, Embolectomy

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