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      Transfusão autóloga usando os métodos de coleta pré-operatória e recuperação intra-operatória em cirurgias ortopédicas eletivas Translated title: Autologous transfusion using preoperantive and intraoperante recovering collect method in elective orthopoedic operations

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          Abstract

          Os dados obtidos durante 14 meses com o Programa de Autotransfusão (PAT), do Hospital do Aparelho Locomotor SARAH-BSB, foram coligidos e analisados. O PAT foi implementado para minimizar e até mesmo eliminar os riscos das transfusões homólogas, aumentando a segurança, a eficácia e melhorando a relação custo/benefício dos procedimentos. Buscou-se também diminuir a demanda de sangue homólogo compatível para aqueles pacientes cujo grupo sangüíneo é difícil de ser encontrado. A transfusão autóloga elimina os riscos da aquisição de doenças transmitidas pelo sangue de doadores infectados, impede a aloimunização, as reações alérgicas e a doença imune da reação do hospedeiro ao enxerto. Para o Serviço de Hemoterapia, ela atende a demanda por sangue de tipos raros e permite um aumento dos estoques. Como a autotransfusão é um procedimento invasivo, o paciente-doador pode apresentar reações, em sua maioria leves, desencadeadas principalmente por reflexo "vaso-vagal". Após preencherem as condições de admissão ao PAT, os pacientes ou os seus responsáveis, quando menores de idade, eram informados sobre o mesmo e, concordando, assinavam uma declaração de anuência. Os métodos utilizados para a realização das transfusões autólogas foram: a) coleta pré-operatória; b) recuperação intrci-operatória de lavado de hemácias ("Cell Saver"). O PAT recebeu 194 pacientes, dos quais 131 (67,5%) foram aceitos, e dos 63 (32,5%) pacientes excluídos somente 1 (0,5%), recusou-se a participar do programa. Até o final de junho de 1995, 100 (76,3% dos 131 pacientes admitidos) concluíram os procedimentos das cirurgias ortopédicas eletivas. A média das idades foi 34,3 anos, com intervalo entre 11 e 72 anos. Cerca de 39% dos pacientes tinham idade inferior a 22 anos. Mais de 70% das cirurgias realizadas foram consideradas de grande porte. Cerca de 20% dos pacientes necessitaram de unidades adicionais de sangue homólogo e 6% deles apresentaram reações transitorias leves, associadas à coleta do sangue. Nossa experiência demonstra a segurança e a eficácia da autotransfusão em pacientes nas faixas etárias aqui estudadas. A ótima aceitação pelos pacientes e a presença constante dos cuidados de enfermagem propiciaram o sucesso do PAT em nosso Hospital. Essas observações nos levam a sugerir que, a criação, a continuidade e a expansão dos programas de transfusão autóloga nos serviços com procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos se constituem em inquestionável beneficio tanto para o paciente-doador quanto para o próprio Serviço de Hemoterapia.

          Translated abstract

          Between the period of January 1994 and June 1995, the results of Autotransfusion Program of the Hospital do Aparelho Motor SARAH-BSB were evaluated. the goals of the program are: 1. Minimise and, if possible, eliminate the risks of homologous transfusion; 2. Increase the security, efficiency and cost to benefits relation of the hemotherapic procedures; 3. Minimise the demand of blood products for those patients with difficult compatible blood to be found. The program has received 194 patients, among these, 100 have been selected for this study because they had had blood collection and surgery concluded. The average age of the patients was 34.3 years (11/72 years) median was 30 years and mode 15 years. The patients have undergone elective orthopaedic operations. Autologous transfusions have been made by predeposit and intraoperative salvage (Cell Saver). Six patients (6%) presented mild reactions associated to blcod drawn. Additional homologous blood was needed to 20 (20%) patients. Our experience demonstrates the security and efficiency of transfusion in patients from childhood until elderly. It recommends the creation and expansion of existing programs using autologous transfusion in services with elective surgery. We also consider that nursing care stimulates patients participation in the program.

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          Most cited references32

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          Blood transfusion practices and blood-banking services in a Kenyan hospital.

          To identify ways to improve the operation of blood-screening programs and to decrease the inappropriate use of blood by evaluating blood-transfusion practices and blood-banking services in a Kenyan hospital. Prospective cohort. The study was conducted in a rural district hospital in western Kenya between September 1990 and July 1991. We collected data on all transfusion requests (blood donation, grouping, HIV screening) and blood recipients (age, sex, diagnosis, and for a 3-month period on the pediatric, maternity, and female wards, admission hemoglobin and outcome). During the 11-month study period, 799 patients received 927 transfusions: 67% were children < 15 years of age, 27% were adult women and 6% were adult men. Transfusions were often delayed due to reliance on patient-recruited donors. Patients who received blood donated on or after the date of request waited longer for transfusion (median, 3 days) than patients who received blood that had been banked and screened before the request (median, 1 day). Patient-recruited donors had a higher HIV-seropositivity rate than volunteer donors (13.4 and 4.6%, respectively; chi 2 test, P < 0.001). Overall, 47% of pediatric transfusions were classified as inappropriate: 23% did not meet the criteria of having hemoglobin < 5.0 g/dl and clinical evidence of respiratory distress, and 27% were transfused 2 or more days after requested. Among adults, 68% received one unit of blood or less. Improved laboratory services, reduction of unnecessary transfusions, and increased recruitment of volunteer donors are critical for improving the appropriate and timely use of blood and reducing transfusion-associated HIV transmission.
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            Acute normovolemic hemodilution combined with hypotensive anesthesia and other techniques to avoid homologous transfusion in spinal fusion surgery.

            To avoid homologous transfusion in spinal fusion surgery, acute normovolemic hemodilution was combined with controlled hypotensive anesthesia. Patients were kept hemodiluted, not only during surgery, but also after surgery by delaying transfusion until the next morning or later. Transfusion decisions were made by clinical judgment rather than by preset value (ie, 10 g/dl). Other techniques used in this protocol were preoperative autologous blood donation and intraoperative salvage of shed blood. Only 4 of 119 patients (3.4%) required homologous blood, compared to 25 of 29 patients (86%) in 1982, at which time none of these techniques were used. The average hemoglobin on the seventh postoperative day was similar in both groups; 11.5 g/dl in the current series compared to 11.1 g/dl in the 1982 series.
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              Survival of autotransfused red blood cells recovered from the surgical field during cardiovascular operations.

              The survival of autologous red blood cells (RBCs) collected during operation from the surgical field and processed immediately by the Haemonetics Cell Saver was compared to the survival of autologous nonprocessed RBCs obtained by venipuncture in nine patients undergoing reconstructive vascular operations and four patients undergoing coronary artery bypass. A double isotope technique (Cr-51 and In-111) was used to determine the survival of the different cell populations. Seven patients undergoing coronary artery bypass served as controls to characterize the isotopes by labeling the same population of RBCs with each radionuclide. Comparison of the data in all groups failed to show any significant difference in either the immediate or long-term survival between autotransfused (Cell Saver--processed) blood and nonprocessed RBCs. This study indicates that shed blood collected and processed at operation with the Haemonetics Cell Saver can be autotransfused and that the in vivo survival of these cells is not significantly different from the survival of nonprocessed blood.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                reben
                Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem
                Rev. Bras. Enferm.
                Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0034-7167
                1984-0446
                June 1996
                : 49
                : 2
                : 193-206
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameHospital do Aparelho Locomotor SARAH
                [02] Brasília DF orgnameHAL orgdiv1Área de Patologia
                Article
                S0034-71671996000200005 S0034-7167(96)04900200005
                10.1590/S0034-71671996000200005
                00e41a57-d3ec-48c8-ae0b-637da01ad6f9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Revista de Enfermagem

                Categories
                Artigos

                Predeposit autologous blood,Blood conservation,Autotransfusão,Transfusão autóloga,Recuperação intra-operatória de sangue,Coleta pré-operatória de sangue,Conservação de sangue,Autotransfusion,Autologous transfusion,Intraoperative autotransfusion

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