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      Association of Intereye Visual-Sensitivity Asymmetry With Progression of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          To investigate the relationship between intereye visual field defect (VFD) asymmetry and subsequent VF progression in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

          Methods

          Moderate-stage patients with POAG (226 eyes of 113 patients) with a single hemifield defect were followed for 8.7 years. Participants were categorized into three groups by initial VF pattern: (1) unilateral VFD, (2) bilateral VFD within same hemifield (superior–superior, inferior–inferior), (3) bilateral VFD within opposite hemifield (superior–inferior). The mean deviation (MD) difference between the intereye was defined as the intereye MD asymmetry index (iMAI). Intereye visual-sensitivity difference within the same hemifield was calculated as the intereye hemifield visual-sensitivity asymmetry index. Functional progression was detected by Glaucoma Progression Analysis. The overall rate of MD change and the association between new indices were evaluated by linear regression. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed and the factors associated with glaucoma progression were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard modeling.

          Results

          Unilateral VFD eyes and bilateral VFD eyes within opposite VF hemifield showed significant progression and faster rate of MD change compared with bilateral VFD eyes within same VF hemifield (71.1% vs. 45.9% vs. 21.1% [ P = 0.001]; –1.27 dB/y vs. −0.64 dB/y vs. −0.32 dB/y [ P = 0.001]). Unilateral VFD eyes showed the fastest time to VF progression compared with other groups ( P = 0.002). A faster rate of MD change was associated with greater intereye MD asymmetry index ( P = 0.001) and greater intereye hemifield visual-sensitivity asymmetric index ( P = 0.031), which were significant risk factors for glaucoma progression (all P < 0.001).

          Conclusions

          Among POAG eyes with comparable hemifield VFDs, eyes without a corresponding hemifield defect in the fellow eye showed faster rates of progression compared with those with a corresponding hemifield defect.

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          Most cited references41

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          The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020.

          H A Quigley (2006)
          To estimate the number of people with open angle (OAG) and angle closure glaucoma (ACG) in 2010 and 2020. A review of published data with use of prevalence models. Data from population based studies of age specific prevalence of OAG and ACG that satisfied standard definitions were used to construct prevalence models for OAG and ACG by age, sex, and ethnicity, weighting data proportional to sample size of each study. Models were combined with UN world population projections for 2010 and 2020 to derive the estimated number with glaucoma. There will be 60.5 million people with OAG and ACG in 2010, increasing to 79.6 million by 2020, and of these, 74% will have OAG. Women will comprise 55% of OAG, 70% of ACG, and 59% of all glaucoma in 2010. Asians will represent 47% of those with glaucoma and 87% of those with ACG. Bilateral blindness will be present in 4.5 million people with OAG and 3.9 million people with ACG in 2010, rising to 5.9 and 5.3 million people in 2020, respectively. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, disproportionately affecting women and Asians.
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            Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit.

            J. Cohen (1968)
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              The effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction in the treatment of normal-tension glaucoma. Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group.

              S. Drance, R Anderson, M. Schulzer (1998)
              In a companion paper, we determined that intraocular pressure is part of the pathogenesis of normal-tension glaucoma by analyzing the effect of a 30% intraocular pressure reduction on the subsequent course of the disease. We report an intent-to-treat analysis of the study data to determine the effectiveness of pressure reduction. One eligible eye of 145 subjects with normal-tension glaucoma was randomized either to no treatment (control) or to a 30% intraocular pressure reduction from baseline. To be eligible for randomization, the normal-tension glaucoma eyes had to show documented progression of field defects or a new disk hemorrhage or had to have field defects that threatened fixation when first presented for the study. Survival analysis compared time to progression of all randomly assigned patients during the course of follow-up from the initial baseline at randomization. In a separate analysis, data of patients developing cataracts were censored at the time that cataract produced 2 lines of Snellen visual acuity loss. Visual field progression occurred at indistinguishable rates in the pressure-lowered (22/66) and the untreated control (31/79) arms of the study (P = .21). In an analysis with data censored when cataract affected visual acuity, visual field progression was significantly more common in the untreated group (21/79) compared with the treated group (8/66). An overall survival analysis showed a survival of 80% in the treated arm and of 60% in the control arm at 3 years, and 80% in the treated arm and 40% in the controls at 5 years. The Kaplan-Meier curves were significantly different (P = .0018). The analyses gave different results because of a higher incidence of cataract in the group that underwent filtration surgery. The favorable effect of intraocular pressure reduction on progression of visual change in normal-tension glaucoma was only found when the impact of cataracts on visual field progression, produced largely by surgery, was removed. Lowering intraocular pressure without producing cataracts is beneficial. Because not all untreated patients progressed, the natural history of normal-tension glaucoma must be considered before embarking on intraocular pressure reduction with therapy apt to exacerbate cataract formation unless normal-tension glaucoma threatens serious visual loss.
              Article 0 comments Cited 186 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
                Journal ID (pmc): iovs
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IOVS
                Title: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
                Publisher: The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
                ISSN (Print): 0146-0404
                ISSN (Electronic): 1552-5783
                Publication date (Electronic): 06 July 2021
                Publication date Collection: July 2021
                Volume: 62
                Issue: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: 4
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
                [2 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
                [3 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju-si, Korea
                [4 ]Kong Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea
                [5 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
                [6 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
                [7 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: Young Kook Kim, Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; md092@ 123456naver.com .
                Article
                Publisher ID: IOVS-20-30211
                DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.4
                PMC ID: 8267216
                PubMed ID: 34228087
                SO-VID: 01327947-af81-450d-848a-90c547ed986d
                Copyright © Copyright 2021 The Authors
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date accepted : 25 May 2021
                Date received : 28 April 2020
                Page count
                Pages: 8
                Categories
                Subject: Glaucoma
                Subject: Glaucoma

                Keywords: asymmetric,intereye,primary open-angle glaucoma,visual field defect,hemifield
                Data availability:
                Keywords: asymmetric, intereye, primary open-angle glaucoma, visual field defect, hemifield

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