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      Vulnerabilidad social, un blanco fatal de la coinfección tuberculosis-VIH en Cali Translated title: Social vulnerability, a fatal scenario for TB-HIV coinfection

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Describir la proporción, características clínicas, demográficas y programáticas de casos fatales de coinfección TB/VIH de Cali-Colombia, en 2017. Material y Método: Estudio de corte transversal, con información de las bases de datos del programa de tuberculosis, las historias clínicas y unidades de análisis de mortalidad disponibles. Resultados: Se depuraron 257 casos fatales por TB, el 24,5% (63/257) falleció con coinfección TB/VIH. La mediana de edad fue 43 años (Rango Intercuartílico: 30-52), 73% (46/63) eran hombres, 76,2% (48/63) no pertenecían al régimen contributivo, 28,6% eran habitantes de calle. 81,2% (39/48) eran casos nuevos de TB, 76,6% (37/47), inició tratamiento; al 74,6% (47/63) se les realizó unidad de análisis de mortalidad. La presentación pulmonar fue frecuente (75,9%-44/58), en 60% de los registros se observó desnutrición (Índice de Masa Corporal <20), en 39,7% (25/63) dependencia al alcohol, tabaco o farmacodependencia. Conclusiones: La mortalidad asociada a TB/VIH es prevenible, pero en 2017 representó la cuarta parte de la mortalidad por TB en Cali. Hombres adultos con condiciones de vulnerabilidad social, diagnosticados en estados avanzados de enfermedad, fueron blanco de fatalidad. Mejorar los sistemas de información e integrar los programas de TB/VIH, deben ser estrategias prioritarias para la salud pública en Colombia.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: To describe the proportion, clinical, demographic and programmatic characteristics of fatal cases of TB/HIV coinfection from Cali-Colombia, in 2017. Material and Method: Cross-sectional study, with information from the TB program databases, clinical records and mortality analysis units available. Results: 257 TB fatal cases were cleared in Cali in 2017, 24.5% (63/257) of these died with TB/HIV coinfection. The median age was 43 years (Interquartile Range: 30-52), 73% (46/63) were men, 76.2% (48/63) did not belong to the contributory health regimen, 28.6% were homeless. 81.2% (39/48) were new TB cases, 76.6% (37/47) started treatment; 74.6% (47/63) had mortality analysis register. Pulmonary presentation was frequent (75.9% -44 / 58), in 60% of the registries malnutrition was observed (Body Mass Index <20), in 39.7% (25/63), dependence on alcohol, tobacco or drug dependence was registered. Conclusions: Mortality associated with TB/HIV is preventable, but in 2017 it represented a quarter of the TB mortality in Cali. Adult men with conditions of social vulnerability, diagnosed in advanced stages of disease, were fatally targeted. Improving information systems and integrating TB/HIV programs should be priority strategies for public health in Colombia.

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          British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2012 (Updated November 2013. All changed text is cast in yellow highlight.) : BHIVA guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2012

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            HIV and tuberculosis infection in San Francisco's homeless adults. Prevalence and risk factors in a representative sample.

            To determine the prevalence and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infection and investigate the relationship between these two infections in homeless adults. Cross-sectional study. Inner-city shelters and free meal programs. A representative sample of 1226 adults (> or = 18 years) were enrolled from community sites. Serum HIV-1 antibody status and tuberculin skin test reactivity. Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence was 8.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.0% to 10.1%) and the prevalence of TB infection was 32% (95% CI, 30% to 37%). Nineteen percent of the HIV-seropositive subjects had positive tuberculin skin tests. Independent risk factors for HIV infection included younger age, black race, male homosexual contact, injection drug use, use of injection drugs in shooting galleries, and selling sex. Tuberculosis infection was associated with the duration of homelessness and living in crowded shelters or single-room-occupancy hotels. Injection drug use, a risk factor for HIV, was also a risk factor for TB, with a particularly strong association in women. No evidence of an association between TB and HIV infection was found, even after accounting for anergy. The homeless population in the United States should be considered a group at high risk for HIV infection and TB. Given the constellation of risk factors present, the high prevalence of infection, and lack of access to medical services, we anticipate that these communicable diseases in this population will represent a growing public health problem.
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              Clinical management of tuberculosis and HIV-1 co-infection.

              In many parts of the world the commonest serious opportunistic infection that occurs in HIV-1 infected persons is tuberculosis (TB). HIV-1 co-infection modifies the natural history and clinical presentation, and adversely affects the outcome of TB. Severe disseminated disease is well-recognised but it is increasingly appreciated that early disease characterised by very few or no symptoms is also common. Immunodiagnostic methods to ascertain latent TB in HIV-1 infected persons are compromised in sensitivity. Chemoprevention of HIV-1-associated TB is effective, its benefits are restricted to those which have evidence of immune sensitisation and appear short-lived in areas of high TB burden. Although promising advances in the microbiological diagnosis of TB have recently occurred, the diagnosis of HIV-1-associated TB remains difficult because of more frequent presentation as sputum negative or extrapulmonary disease. Management of co-infected patients can be complex because of overlapping drug toxicities and interactions. Nevertheless consensus is developing that antiretroviral therapy should be provided as soon as practicable after starting TB treatment in HIV-1 co-infected persons. This has the consequence of increasing the frequency of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, the pathogenesis and management of which is poorly defined.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                inf
                Infectio
                Infect.
                Asociación Colombiana de Infectología. (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0123-9392
                December 2021
                : 25
                : 4
                : 207-211
                Affiliations
                [5] Cali Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Colombia
                [4] orgnameSecretaría de Salud Pública Municipal de Cali orgdiv1Programa Micobacterias Colombia
                [1] Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad Icesi orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Colombia
                [2] orgname
                [7] orgname
                [6] orgname
                [8] orgname
                [3] orgname
                Article
                S0123-93922021000400207 S0123-9392(21)02500400207
                10.22354/in.v25i4.953
                01c4bcf0-337f-4fc6-ba37-724141b19592

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 January 2021
                : 23 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                Tuberculosis,Mortality,Coinfection,HIV,Mortalidad,Coinfección,VIH
                Tuberculosis, Mortality, Coinfection, HIV, Mortalidad, Coinfección, VIH

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