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      Colectomie laparoscopique versus colectomie par laparotomie dans le traitement des adénocarcinomes coliques non métastatiques Translated title: Laparoscopic colectomy versus colectomy performed via laparotomy in the treatment of non-metastatic colic adenocarcinomas

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          La colectomie laparoscopique pour cancer colorectal constitue, de plus en plus, le traitement de référence. L’objectif de notre travail est de montrer que les résultats à court terme etla sécurité oncologique que procure la voie laparoscopique sont au moins équivalents à ceux de la laparotomie dans le traitement des adénocarcinomes coliques non métastatiques. Nous nous proposons également d’étudier l’impact de la courbe d’apprentissage sur les résultats de la laparoscopie dans ces cancers.

          Méthodes

          Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective incluant tousles patients opérés pour des adénocarcinomes coliques résécablessur une période de 6 ans. La population de l’étude était répartie en 2 groupes, selon la voie d’abord utilisée initialement. Le groupe « OC » comprenait 35 patients opérés par laparotomie médiane et le groupe « LAC » comprenait 30 patients opérés par laparoscopie. Toutes les données étaient analysées au moyen du logiciel SPSS version 19.0.

          Résultats

          Notre étude n’a pas montré de différence significative dans les résultats à court terme entre les 2 groupes à savoir la morbidité per-opératoire, le séjour hospitalier, le séjour en milieu de réanimation ainsi que la morbi-mortalité postopératoire. Concernant les résultats à long terme, il n’y avait également pas de différence significative en termes de complications tardives, type de récidive, survie globale et survie sans récidive. La sécurité oncologique, attestée par les limites de résections et le nombre de ganglions prélevés, n’était pas significativement différente entre les deux groupes. Le temps opératoire était significativement plus long en laparoscopie (p < 0,001). Le taux de conversion était de 33%. Il est passé de 67% au cours des 2 premières années de l’étude à 13% au cours des 2 dernières années. La conversion de la laparoscopie en laparotomie n’avait pas d’impact significatif ni sur les suites opératoires précoces, ni sur la survie globale et la survie sans récidive.

          Conclusion

          La voie laparoscopique est une voie d’abord ayant des résultats à court et à long terme au moins équivalents à la laparotomie. La courbe d’apprentissage représentant un « passage obligé » n’a pas d’impact négatif sur les résultats du traitement laparoscopique des cancers coliques non métastatiques.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction

          Laparoscopic colectomy is considered with increasing frequency the gold standard treatment for colorectal cancer. Our study aims to show that short-term results and the oncological safety of laparoscopy are at least equivalent to those of laparotomy in the treatment of non-metastatic colic adenocarcinomas. We also highlight the impact of the learning curve on outcomes after laparoscopy in patients with these cancers.

          Methods

          We conducted a retrospective study of all patients undergoing surgery for resectable colic adenocarcinomas over a period of 6 years. The study population was divided into 2 groups based on the surgical procedure used initially. The group “OC“ included 35 patients who underwent midline laparotomy and the group “LAC” included 30 patients who underwent laparoscopy. All data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19.0.

          Results

          Our study showed that there was no significant difference in short-term outcomes between the 2 groups, namely intraoperative morbidity, hospital stay, intensive care unit stay as well as postoperative morbidity and mortality. Regarding the long-term outcomes, there was also no significant difference in the incidence of late complications, type of recurrence, overall survival and disease-free survival. Oncological safety based on the limits of resection and the number of lymph nodes removed was not significantly different between the two groups. Operative time was significantly longer in the laparoscopic group (p <0.001). Convertion rate was 33%. It went from 67% in the first 2 years of the study to 13% in the last 2 years. The conversion from laparoscopy to laparotomy had no significant impact neither on early postoperative outcomes nor on overall survival and disease-free survival.

          Conclusion

          Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure resulting in at least equivalent short and long term outcomes as laparotomy. The learning curve representing a “prerequisite” has no negative impact on the outcomes of laparoscopic treatment of non-metastatic colic cancers.

          Most cited references19

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          Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

          Laparoscopic-assisted surgery for colorectal cancer has been widely adopted without data from large-scale randomised trials to support its use. We compared short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer to predict long-term outcomes. Between July, 1996, and July, 2002, we undertook a multicentre, randomised clinical trial in 794 patients with colorectal cancer from 27 UK centres. Patients were allocated to receive laparoscopic-assisted (n=526) or open surgery (n=268). Primary short-term endpoints were positivity rates of circumferential and longitudinal resection margins, proportion of Dukes' C2 tumours, and in-hospital mortality. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial has been assigned the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN74883561. Six patients (two [open], four [laparoscopic]) had no surgery, and 23 had missing surgical data (nine, 14). 253 and 484 patients actually received open and laparoscopic-assisted treatment, respectively. 143 (29%) patients underwent conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery. Proportion of Dukes' C2 tumours did not differ between treatments (18 [7%] patients, open vs 34 [6%], laparoscopic; difference -0.3%, 95% CI -3.9 to 3.4%, p=0.89), and neither did in-hospital mortality (13 [5%] vs 21 [4%]; -0.9%, -3.9 to 2.2%, p=0.57). Apart from patients undergoing laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer, rates of positive resection margins were similar between treatment groups. Patients with converted treatment had raised complication rates. Laparoscopic-assisted surgery for cancer of the colon is as effective as open surgery in the short term and is likely to produce similar long-term outcomes. However, impaired short-term outcomes after laparoscopic-assisted anterior resection for cancer of the rectum do not yet justify its routine use.
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            Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer: a randomised trial.

            Although early reports on laparoscopy-assisted colectomy (LAC) in patients with colon cancer suggested that it reduces perioperative morbidity, its influence on long-term results is unknown. Our study aimed to compare efficacy of LAC and open colectomy (OC) for treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer in terms of tumour recurrence and survival. From November, 1993, to July, 1998, all patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon were assessed for entry in this randomised trial. Adjuvant therapy and postoperative follow-up were the same in both groups. The main endpoint was cancer-related survival. Data were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. 219 patients took part in the study (111 LAC group, 108 OC group). Patients in the LAC group recovered faster than those in the OC group, with shorter peristalsis-detection (p=0.001) and oral-intake times (p=0.001), and shorter hospital stays (p=0.005). Morbidity was lower in the LAC group (p=0.001), although LAC did not influence perioperative mortality. Probability of cancer-related survival was higher in the LAC group (p=0.02). The Cox model showed that LAC was independently associated with reduced risk of tumour relapse (hazard ratio 0.39, 95% CI 0.19-0.82), death from any cause (0.48, 0.23-1.01), and death from a cancer-related cause (0.38, 0.16-0.91) compared with OC. This superiority of LAC was due to differences in patients with stage III tumours (p=0.04, p=0.02, and p=0.006, respectively). LAC is more effective than OC for treatment of colon cancer in terms of morbidity, hospital stay, tumour recurrence, and cancer-related survival.
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              Survival after laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer: long-term outcome of a randomised clinical trial.

              Laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer has been proven safe, but debate continues over whether the available long-term survival data justify implementation of laparoscopic techniques in surgery for colon cancer. The aim of the COlon cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection (COLOR) trial was to compare 3-year disease-free survival and overall survival after laparoscopic and open resection of solitary colon cancer. Between March 7, 1997, and March 6, 2003, patients recruited from 29 European hospitals with a solitary cancer of the right or left colon and a body-mass index up to 30 kg/m(2) were randomly assigned to either laparoscopic or open surgery as curative treatment in this non-inferiority randomised trial. Disease-free survival at 3 years after surgery was the primary outcome, with a prespecified non-inferiority boundary at 7% difference between groups. Secondary outcomes were short-term morbidity and mortality, number of positive resection margins, local recurrence, port-site or wound-site recurrence, and blood loss during surgery. Neither patients nor health-care providers were blinded to patient groupings. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00387842. During the recruitment period, 1248 patients were randomly assigned to either open surgery (n=621) or laparoscopic surgery (n=627). 172 were excluded after randomisation, mainly because of the presence of distant metastases or benign disease, leaving 1076 patients eligible for analysis (542 assigned open surgery and 534 assigned laparoscopic surgery). Median follow-up was 53 months (range 0.03-60). Positive resection margins, number of lymph nodes removed, and morbidity and mortality were similar in both groups. The combined 3-year disease-free survival for all stages was 74.2% (95% CI 70.4-78.0) in the laparoscopic group and 76.2% (72.6-79.8) in the open-surgery group (p=0.70 by log-rank test); the difference in disease-free survival after 3 years was 2.0% (95% CI -3.2 to 7.2). The hazard ratio (HR) for disease-free survival (open vs laparoscopic surgery) was 0.92 (95% CI 0.74-1.15). The combined 3-year overall survival for all stages was 81.8% (78.4-85.1) in the laparoscopic group and 84.2% (81.1-87.3) in the open-surgery group (p=0.45 by log-rank test); the difference in overall survival after 3 years was 2.4% (95% CI -2.1 to 7.0; HR 0.95 [0.74-1.22]). Our trial could not rule out a difference in disease-free survival at 3 years in favour of open colectomy because the upper limit of the 95% CI for the difference just exceeded the predetermined non-inferiority boundary of 7%. However, the difference in disease-free survival between groups was small and, we believe, clinically acceptable, justifying the implementation of laparoscopic surgery into daily practice. Further studies should address whether laparoscopic surgery is superior to open surgery in this setting.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                16 November 2016
                2016
                : 25
                : 165
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Medecine de Tunis, 1007, Tunis, Tunisie
                [2 ]Service de Chirurgie Viscérale CHU Mongi Slim, Sidi Daoued La Marsa, Tunisie
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Mzoughi Zeineb, Service de Chirurgie Viscérale, CHU Mongi Slim Sidi Daoued, Tunis, Tunisie
                Article
                PAMJ-25-165
                10.11604/pamj.2016.25.165.10071
                5326039
                28292127
                01f90434-1bba-467a-8654-0ade77daaaa8
                © Rached Bayar et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 15 June 2016
                : 26 September 2016
                Categories
                Research

                Medicine
                laparoscopie,laparotomie,adénocarcinome,colon,laparoscopy,laparotomy,adenocarcinoma
                Medicine
                laparoscopie, laparotomie, adénocarcinome, colon, laparoscopy, laparotomy, adenocarcinoma

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