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      Incontinencia urinaria oculta evidenciada por estudio urodinámico preoperatorio en pacientes con prolapso genital severo Translated title: Occult stress incontinence identify by preoperative urodynamic study in women with severe pelvic organ prolapse

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          Abstract

          Objetivos: Revisar la eficacia de la urodinamia monocanal realizada con corrección del prolapso genital severo, mediante valva de Bresky, en la pesquisa de incontinencia de orina oculta, como prueba prequirúrgica, para planificar una corrección mediante cinta sub-medio uretral concomitantemente con la cirugía de prolapso. Paciente y Método: Pacientes ingresadas a la Unidad de Uroginecología de Clínica Las Condes, entre enero del 2006 y diciembre del 2007, debido a cistocele grado III o IV. Pacientes sin antecedentes de cirugía de prolapso o incontinencia de orina. Se realiza una urodinamia monocanal con corrección del prolapso mediante una valva de Bresky. Se realiza medición de presión de retro-resistencia uretral y cistometría. En aquellas mujeres en que se descarta la presencia de incontinencia oculta, se realiza corrección del prolapso mediante malla Prolift. En aquellas en que se encuentra incontinencia oculta, se coloca concomitantemente, una cinta sub-medio uretral profiláctica, para evitar la aparición de incontinencia de orina en el postoperatorio. Resultados: De las treinta y ocho mujeres que cumplieron el criterio de ingreso a este estudio, 14 (36,8%) no registraron presencia de incontinencia de esfuerzo oculta durante la urodinamia. En las 24 (63,2%) restantes se evidenció incontinencia de orina de esfuerzo. Tipo I, en 1; tipo II en 12; tipo III en 1; tipo II+III en 10. Durante la cistometría 3 de ellas registraron un detrusor hiperactivo asintomático. En 1 (4,2%) de las 24 pacientes sometidas a cirugía profiláctica de incontinencia, se registró falla, con escapes de orina durante el postoperatorio inmediato. El resto (23) no presentó incontinencia durante el postoperatorio inmediato, temprano, ni tardío, completando un período de observación entre 4 y 24 meses. En las 14 mujeres con cirugía sólo para el prolapso, tampoco se registró aparición de incontinencia. Conclusiones: La urodinamia con corrección del prolapso genital severo, mediante valva de Bresky, es un método eficiente en la detección de incontinencia de orina oculta. Lo que nos permite planificar una posible cirugía anti-incontinencia profiláctica. Que según nuestra experiencia, es un método seguro y eficaz. De esta forma, se entrega una solución integral, a un problema del suelo pelviano que frecuentemente se asocia, por compartir los mismos factores de riesgo y que significa un alto grado de deterioro de la calidad de vida.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To review the effectiveness of preoperative urodynamic study made with correction of the severe genital prolapse by Bresky valve in the diagnosis of urinary occult incontinence, in order to plan a correction with a prophylactic sub-mid urethral mesh in the prolapse surgery. Patients and Method: Patients of the Urogynecology and Vaginal Surgery Unit of Las Condes Clinic, between January 2006 and December 2007, with grade III or IV cystocele. A condition was patients without previous prolapse and/or incontinence surgeries. A non multichannel urodynamics test was made with prolapse correction by a Bresky valve. The urethra retro resistance measurement and cystometry was made. In the women in whom the occult urinary incontinence was discards the prolapse surgery was made with Prolift mesh. In the women with occult incontinence a prophylactic sub-mid urethral tape was applied in the prolapse surgery, to avoid the appearance of incontinence after surgery. Results: Thirty eight women fulfilled the criterion to enter in this study, 14 (36,8%) of them did not register occult urinary incontinence in the urodynamic test. In the 24 (63.2%) with occult incontinence: Type I in 1; type II in 2; type III in 1 and type II+III in 10. During the cystometry 3 of them registered an asymptomatic hyperactive detrusor. In 1 (4.2%) of the 24 patients with prophylactic incontinence surgery, in the immediate postoperative time a failure was observed. The rest 23 women did not present incontinence during the observation period between 4 to 24 months. In the 14 women only with prolapse surgery incontinence was not registered. Conclusions: The preoperative urodynamic test with correction of severe genital prolapse by Bresky valve is an efficient method to detect the occult urinary incontinence. This allows planning a prophylactic incontinence surgery. According to our experience this method is safe and effective to avoid that the occult incontinence appears after a severe cystocele surgery repair and allows to given an integral solution to the pelvic floor problems that frequently sees associate, because they risk factors are the same to these conditions and both cause a high degree of deterioration of quality of life.

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          Most cited references56

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          The prevalence of pelvic floor disorders and their relationship to gender, age, parity and mode of delivery.

          To define the prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in a non-institutionalised community and to determine the relationship to gender, age, parity and mode of delivery. A representative population survey using the 1998 South Australian Health Omnibus Survey. Random selection of 4400 households; 3010 interviews were conducted in the respondents' homes by trained female interviewers. This cross sectional survey included men and women aged 15-97 years. The prevalence of all types of self-reported urinary incontinence in men was 4.4% and in women was 35.3% (P 20 weeks), regardless of the mode of delivery, greatly increased the prevalence of major pelvic floor dysfunction, defined as any type of incontinence, symptoms of prolapse or previous pelvic floor surgery. Multivariate logistic regression showed that, compared with nulliparity, pelvic floor dysfunction was significantly associated with caesarean section (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.3), spontaneous vaginal delivery (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.4-4.9) and at least one instrumental delivery (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.8-6.6). The difference between caesarean and instrumental delivery was significant (P<0.03) but was not for caesarean and spontaneous delivery. Other associations with pelvic floor morbidity were age, body mass index, coughing, osteoporosis, arthritis and reduced quality of life scores. Symptoms of haemorrhoids also increased with age and parity and were reported in 19.9% of men and 30.2% of women. Pelvic floor disorders are very common and are strongly associated with female gender, ageing, pregnancy, parity and instrumental delivery. Caesarean delivery is not associated with a significant reduction in long term pelvic floor morbidity compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery.
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            Abdominal sacrocolpopexy with Burch colposuspension to reduce urinary stress incontinence.

            We designed this trial to assess whether the addition of standardized Burch colposuspension to abdominal sacrocolpopexy for the treatment of pelvic-organ prolapse decreases postoperative stress urinary incontinence in women without preoperative symptoms of stress incontinence. Women who did not report symptoms of stress incontinence and who chose to undergo sacrocolpopexy to treat prolapse were randomly assigned to concomitant Burch colposuspension or to no Burch colposuspension (control) and were evaluated in a blinded fashion three months after the surgery. The primary outcomes included measures of stress incontinence (symptoms, stress testing, or treatment) and measures of urge symptoms. Enrollment was stopped after the first interim analysis because of a significantly lower frequency of stress incontinence in the group that underwent the Burch colposuspension. Of 322 women who underwent randomization, 157 were assigned to Burch colposuspension and 165 to the control group. Three months after surgery, 23.8 percent of the women in the Burch group and 44.1 percent of the controls met one or more of the criteria for stress incontinence (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the Burch group and the control group in the frequency of urge incontinence (32.7 percent vs. 38.4 percent, P=0.48). After surgery, women in the control group were more likely to report bothersome symptoms of stress incontinence than those in the Burch group who had stress incontinence (24.5 percent vs. 6.1 percent, P<0.001). In women without stress incontinence who are undergoing abdominal sacrocolpopexy for prolapse, Burch colposuspension significantly reduced postoperative symptoms of stress incontinence without increasing other lower urinary tract symptoms. Copyright 2006 Massachusetts Medical Society.
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              Clinical assessment of urethral sphincter function.

              Measurements of urethral pressures, such as maximum urethral pressure, are widely believed to have relevance in the management of urinary incontinence despite evidence to the contrary. In this study maximum urethral pressure and the abdominal pressure required to cause stress incontinence were measured in 125 women with stress incontinence. In women the abdominal pressure required to cause stress incontinence was unrelated to maximum urethral pressure. These findings indicate that maximum urethral pressure has little relationship to urethral resistance to abdominal pressure. In the 9 children with myelodysplasia we compared the detrusor pressure with the abdominal pressure required to induce urethral leakage. These values also were quite different, indicating that as far as the urethra is concerned abdominal pressure and detrusor pressure are not equivalent forces.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aue
                Actas Urológicas Españolas
                Actas Urol Esp
                Asociación Española de Urología (, , Spain )
                0210-4806
                September 2008
                : 32
                : 8
                : 827-832
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameClínica Las Condes orgdiv1Departamento de Ginecología orgdiv2Unidad de Uroginecología
                Article
                S0210-48062008000800010
                10.4321/s0210-48062008000800010
                02f46e99-89bb-4c57-a6c6-31f378d4fa99

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : May 2008
                : April 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 6
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                SciELO Spain


                Prolapso genital,Incontinencia urinaria,Incontinencia oculta,Urodinamia,Genital prolapse,Urinary incontinence,Occult incontinence,Urodynamic

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