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      La conciencia fonológica en contextos educativos y terapéuticos: efectos sobre el aprendizaje de la lectura Translated title: Phonological Awareness in Educational and Therapeutic Contexts: Effects on Learning to Read Translated title: A consciência fonológica em contextos educativos e terapêuticos: efeitos sobre a aprendizagem da leitura

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          Abstract

          Resumen El aprendizaje de la lectura supone el desarrollo previo de una serie de habilidades, que van permitiendo a los niños la construcción y ganancia de destrezas en diferentes dimensiones hacia la consecución del progreso de sus procesos cognitivos. Entre ellas, se encuentra la conciencia fonológica, variable de mayor relevancia en cuanto al desarrollo lector se refiere. La eficiencia de dicho mecanismo se relaciona directamente con el éxito en la alfabetización; las dificultades tanto para aprender a leer como para la lectura en sí misma históricamente se han asociado a un déficit en el componente fonológico del lenguaje. El presente artículo evidencia las distintas maneras en que tanto el contexto pedagógico como el terapéutico han generado estrategias facilitadoras que influyen en el normal desarrollo de las habilidades prelectoras y de adquisición de la lectoescritura.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Learning to read implies the prior development of a series of skills that allow children to build and gain abilities in different dimensions that contribute towards progress in their cognitive processes. One of these skills is phonological awareness, which is a particularly relevant variable as far as the reader’s development is concerned. The efficiency of this mechanism is related directly to success in becoming literate. The difficulties in learning to read, and in reading itself, have been associated historically with a deficit in the phonological component of language. This article shows the different ways in which educational and therapeutic contexts have helped to generate facilitating strategies that influence the normal development of pre-reading skills and those for becoming literate.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo A aprendizagem da leitura representa o desenvolvimento prévio de uma série de habilidades, permitindo que as crianças construam e tirem proveito de capacidades em diferentes dimensões rumo ao progresso dos seus processos cognitivos. Entre elas, encontra-se a consciência fonológica, variável de maior relevância referente ao desenvolvimento leitor. A eficiência desse mecanismo se relaciona diretamente com o sucesso na alfabetização; as dificuldades tanto para aprender a ler como para a leitura em si têm-se associado historicamente a um déficit no componente fonológico da linguagem. O presente artigo evidencia as diferentes maneiras em que, tanto no contexto pedagógico quanto no terapêutico, foram criadas estratégias facilitadoras que influem no desenvolvimento normal das habilidades pré-leitoras e de aquisição da alfabetização.

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          Most cited references50

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          A definition of dyslexia

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            Exploring the impact of phonological awareness, visual-spatial working memory, and preschool quantity-number competencies on mathematics achievement in elementary school: findings from a 3-year longitudinal study.

            This longitudinal study explored the importance of kindergarten measures of phonological awareness, working memory, and quantity-number competencies (QNC) for predicting mathematical school achievement in third graders (mean age 8 years 8 months). It was found that the impact of phonological awareness and visual-spatial working memory, assessed at 5 years of age, was mediated by early QNC, which predicted math achievement in third grade. Importantly, and confirming our isolated number words hypothesis, phonological awareness had no impact on higher numerical competencies (i.e., when number words needed to be linked with quantities [QNC Level II and above]) but predicted basic numerical competencies (i.e., when number words were isolated from quantities [QNC Level I]), explaining the moderate relationship between early literacy development and the development of mathematical competencies.
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              Developmental dyslexia in different languages: language-specific or universal?

              Most of the research on developmental dyslexia comes from English-speaking countries. However, there is accumulating evidence that learning to read English is harder than learning to read other European orthographies (Seymour, Aro, & Erskine, 2003). These findings therefore suggest the need to determine whether the main English findings concerning dyslexia can be generalized to other European orthographies, all of which have less irregular spelling-to-sound correspondences than English. To do this, we conducted a study with German- and English-speaking children (n=149) in which we investigated a number of theoretically important marker effects of the reading process. The results clearly show that the similarities between dyslexic readers using different orthographies are far bigger than their differences. That is, dyslexics in both countries exhibit a reading speed deficit, a nonword reading deficit that is greater than their word reading deficit, and an extremely slow and serial phonological decoding mechanism. These problems were of similar size across orthographies and persisted even with respect to younger readers that were at the same reading level. Both groups showed that they could process larger orthographic units. However, the use of this information to supplement grapheme-phoneme decoding was not fully efficient for the English dyslexics.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                eded
                Educación y Educadores
                educ.educ.
                Universidad de La Sabana (Chia, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0123-1294
                May 2017
                : 20
                : 2
                : 175-190
                Affiliations
                [2] Bogotá orgnamePolitécnico Grancolombiano Colombia mireyacel@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] Bogotá orgnamePolitécnico Grancolombiano Colombia juandavidroa@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] Bogotá orgnamePolitécnico Grancolombiano Colombia lvsatsre@ 123456poligran.edu.co
                [4] Bogotá orgnamePolitécnico Grancolombiano Colombia fluengas@ 123456poligran.edu.co
                Article
                S0123-12942017000200175
                10.5294/edu.2017.20.2.1
                033cd832-920e-496d-9097-8013d0f7c714

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 October 2015
                : 10 January 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                educación escolar,enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura,ensino de leitura e escrita,special education,terapia da linguagem (Fonte: Tesauro da Unesco).,school education,educação escolar,speech therapy,Consciência fonológica,educação especial,Conciencia fonológica,teaching reading and writing,Phonological awareness,terapia del lenguaje,educación especial

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