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      Proliferación de embriones somáticos de Nothofagus alpina: efecto de la fuente de nitrógeno orgánico exógena Translated title: Proliferation of somatic embryos of Nothofagus alpina: effect of an exogen source of organic nitrogen

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          Abstract

          Se probó el efecto de algunas fuentes de nitrógeno orgánico como caseína hidrolizada y los aminoácidos L-Glutamina y L-Serina en el proceso de embriogénesis somática secundaria directa, empleando como explantes embriones somáticos de Nothofagus alpina inducidos desde cotiledones aislados de semillas maduras. Los mayores porcentajes de embriogénesis secundaria directa fueron obtenidos en medio base BTM y vitaminas MS, sin reguladores del crecimiento vegetal y en este medio más ANA, BAP y caseína hidrolizada. Sin embargo, el peso fresco de las masas de proliferación fue superior en presencia de una fuente adicional de nitrógeno orgánico. Bajo el tratamiento con reguladores del crecimiento y caseína hidrolizada también se produjo la mayor cantidad promedio de embriones producidos por explanto, aunque no hubo diferencias significativas con el tratamiento que contuvo L-Glutamina, donde el crecimiento de callo fue significativamente menor. Mediante subcultivos alternados entre medio base y medio con ANA, BAP y caseína hidrolizada, se logró la proliferación del cultivo embriogénico de manera directa, estable durante más de dos años y con baja incidencia de callo.

          Translated abstract

          The effect of some sources of organic nitrogen such as hydrolyzed casein and the aminoacids L-glutamine and L-Serine were tested in the process of direct secondary somatic embryogenesis, in which somatic embryos of Nothofagus alpina -induced from isolated cotyledons of mature seeds- were used as explants. The highest percentages of direct secondary embryogenesis were obtained in BTM base medium plus MS vitamins, without plant growth regulators, and in this medium plus NAA, BAP and hydrolyzed casein. However, the fresh weight of the proliferated mass was greatest in the presence of an additional source of organic nitrogen. The highest average number of embryos per explant was also produced in the treatment with growth regulators and hydrolyzed casein, although the number was not significantly higher than in the L-Glutamine treatment, in which significantly less callus growth occurred. Alternate use of base medium and NAA, BAP and hydrolyzed casein medium during subculture enabled direct proliferation of the embryogenic culture, which remained stable for over two years and with a low incidence of callus.

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          Mycobacterial Ser/Thr protein kinases and phosphatases: physiological roles and therapeutic potential.

          Reversible protein phosphorylation is a major regulation mechanism of fundamental biological processes, not only in eukaryotes but also in bacteria. A growing body of evidence suggests that Ser/Thr phosphorylation play important roles in the physiology and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis. This pathogen uses 'eukaryotic-like' Ser/Thr protein kinases and phosphatases not only to regulate many intracellular metabolic processes, but also to interfere with signaling pathways of the infected host cell. Disrupting such processes by means of selective inhibitors may thus provide new pharmaceutical weapons to combat the disease. Here we review the current knowledge on Ser/Thr protein kinases and phosphatases in M. tuberculosis, their regulation mechanisms and putative substrates, and we explore their therapeutic potential as possible targets for the development of new anti-mycobacterial compounds.
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            Proliferation, maturation and germination of Castanea sativa Mill. Somatic embryos originated from leaf explants.

            Experiments were performed to determine the influence of proliferation medium on the maintenance of embryogenic competence and on repetitive embryogenesis in Castanea sativa Mill. somatic embryos derived from leaf explants. Somatic embryo proliferation was carried out by both direct secondary embryogenesis and by the culture of nodular callus tissue originated from cotyledons of somatic embryos. Both systems led to the production of cotyledonary somatic embryos on Murashige and Skoog proliferation medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 benzyladenine and 0.1 mg l-1 naphthaleneacetic acid. Carbon source and concentration had a marked influence on maturation and subsequent germination ability of chestnut somatic embryos. Plantlet conversion was achieved in embryos matured on media with 6 % sucrose, and on 3 or 6 % maltose, whereas mean shoot length, root length and leaf number of produced plants were not significantly affected by these maturation media. Overall, the best results were obtained with 3 % maltose-matured somatic embryos, giving rise to 6 % plant recovery in addition to 33 % of embryos exhibiting only shoot development. The application of a 2-month cold treatment at 4 degrees C to somatic embryos matured on medium with 3 % maltose was necessary for achieving plant conversion, while partial desiccation did not appear to influence this response. A total of 39 % of embryos eventually produced plants either through conversion to plantlets or indirectly through rooting of shoots. Shoots formed by somatic embryos could be excised, multiplied and rooted following the micropropagation procedures previously developed for chestnut.
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              Somatic embryogenesis from stem and leaf explants of Quercus robur L.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mb
                Madera y bosques
                Madera bosques
                Instituto de Ecología A.C. (Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico )
                1405-0471
                2448-7597
                2011
                : 17
                : 2
                : 35-46
                Affiliations
                [03] Durango orgnameUniversidad Juárez del Estado de Durango orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Forestales México
                [02] orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Centro de Biotecnología orgdiv2Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales Chile
                [01] Durango Dgo. orgnameUniversidad Juárez del Estado de Durango orgdiv1Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera México
                Article
                S1405-04712011000200004 S1405-0471(11)01700200004
                03dee008-31e6-4533-aa43-7bc9ef7924c0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 July 2010
                : 21 January 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos de investigación

                growth regulators,micropropagation,developmental stage,Somatic embryogenesis,reguladores del crecimiento,micropropagación,estado de desarrollo,Embriogénesis somática

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