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      Three new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Songthela (Araneae, Mesothelae) from Guizhou Province, China

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          Abstract

          We diagnose and describe three new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Songthela from Guizhou Province, China, based on morphological characters and molecular data: S. liui sp. nov. (♂♀), S. tianzhu sp. nov. (♂♀), and S. yuping sp. nov. (♂♀). We provide the genetic distances within and among the three new species based on the DNA barcode gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) to support our descriptions. We also provide the COI GenBank accession codes for the three new species for future identification.

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          MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0.

          Koichiro Tamura, Glen Stecher, Daniel Walter Peterson … (2013)
          We announce the release of an advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis. In version 6.0, MEGA now enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the RelTime method for estimating divergence times for all branching points in a phylogeny. A new Timetree Wizard in MEGA6 facilitates this timetree inference by providing a graphical user interface (GUI) to specify the phylogeny and calibration constraints step-by-step. This version also contains enhanced algorithms to search for the optimal trees under evolutionary criteria and implements a more advanced memory management that can double the size of sequence data sets to which MEGA can be applied. Both GUI and command-line versions of MEGA6 can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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            DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates.

            M Beier (1966)
            We describe "universal" DNA primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 710-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) from 11 invertebrate phyla: Echinodermata, Mollusca, Annelida, Pogonophora, Arthropoda, Nemertinea, Echiura, Sipuncula, Platyhelminthes, Tardigrada, and Coelenterata, as well as the putative phylum Vestimentifera. Preliminary comparisons revealed that these COI primers generate informative sequences for phylogenetic analyses at the species and higher taxonomic levels.
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              A genus-level taxonomic review of primitively segmented spiders (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae)

              Xin Xu, Fengxiang Liu, Jian Chen … (2015)
              Abstract The spider suborder Mesothelae , containing a single extant family Liphistiidae , represents a species-poor and ancient lineage. These are conspicuous spiders that primitively retain a segmented abdomen and appendage-like spinnerets. While their classification history is nearly devoid of phylogenetic hypotheses, we here revise liphistiid genus level taxonomy based on original sampling throughout their Asian range, and on the evidence from a novel molecular phylogeny. By combining morphological and natural history evidence with phylogenetic relationships in the companion paper, we provide strong support for the monophyly of Liphistiidae , and the two subfamilies Liphistiinae and Heptathelinae . While the former only contains Liphistius Schiödte, 1849, a genus distributed in Indonesia (Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, we recognize and diagnose seven heptatheline genera, all but three removed from the synonymy of Heptathela : i) Ganthela Xu & Kuntner, gen. n. with the type species Ganthela yundingensis Xu, sp. n. is known from Fujian and Jiangxi, China; ii) a rediagnosed Heptathela Kishida, 1923 is confined to the Japanese islands (Kyushu and Okinawa); iii) Qiongthela Xu & Kuntner, gen. n. with the type species Qiongthela baishensis Xu, sp. n. is distributed disjunctly in Hainan, China and Vietnam; iv) Ryuthela Haupt, 1983 is confined to the Ryukyu archipelago (Japan); v) Sinothela Haupt, 2003 inhabits Chinese areas north of Yangtze; vi) Songthela Ono, 2000 inhabits southwest China and northern Vietnam; and vii) Vinathela Ono, 2000 ( Abcathela Ono, 2000, syn. n.; Nanthela Haupt, 2003, syn. n.) is known from southeast China and Vietnam.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xin Xu:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-6622
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Zookeys
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Zookeys
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 2
                Journal ID (index): urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7E
                Journal ID (aggregator): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727A
                Title: ZooKeys
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 1313-2989
                ISSN (Electronic): 1313-2970
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 May 2021
                Volume: 1037
                Pages: 57-71
                Affiliations
                [1 ] College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan Province, China Hunan Normal Unviersity Changsha China
                [2 ] Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Xin Xu ( xuxin@ 123456hunnu.edu.cn )

                Academic editor: Jeremy Miller

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3657-974X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8269-7734
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-6622
                Article
                Publisher ID: 62916
                DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1037.62916
                PMC ID: 8137636
                SO-VID: 04248808-8a6b-48b7-aaae-a8a638e1bc2b
                Copyright © Zhaoyang Chen, Dengqing Li, Daiqin Li, Xin Xu
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 08 January 2021
                Date accepted : 19 April 2021
                Funding
                National Natural Sciences Foundation of China
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Araneae
                Subject: Liphistiidae
                Subject: Taxonomy
                Subject: Asia

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Keywords: coi, heptathelinae , liphistiidae ,morphology,taxonomy,trapdoor spiders
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Keywords: coi, heptathelinae , liphistiidae , morphology, taxonomy, trapdoor spiders

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