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      A Novel Magnetic Graphene Oxide Composite Absorbent for Removing Trace Residues of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water

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          Abstract

          The purpose of the study was to develop a facile method for the fabrication of a stable and reusable magnetic graphene composite absorbent to remove trace levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water treatment. The poly cationic Fe 3O 4@PDDA (poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA)) core-shell structured nanoparticles were first synthesized, and then, DNA was laid on the surface of graphene oxide (GO x) to prepare the polyanionic GO x@DNA composite. The above materials were then mixed together and adhered together through sol-gel technology. Thus, the Fe 3O 4@PDDA/GO x@DNA composite absorbent was prepared. Its performance was tested by disperse solid phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) for removing six kinds of indicative polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) in water samples. The removal percentages of several real samples for six kinds of BDEs (BDE17, BDE28, BDE 71, BDE 47, BDE 66, BDE 100) at the ng/mL order of magnitude were in the range of 88.2%–99.1%. The removal percentage still reached 80.0% when the adsorbent was reused at least 20 times. The results suggested that the magnetic absorbent can obviously remove trace levels of BDEs from large volumes of aqueous solutions in environmental pollution cleanup with high removal efficiency.

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          Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by a solvothermal-synthesized graphene/magnetite composite.

          Chunying Zhang, Z. Chen, Amy Ai (2011)
          In this study, we have demonstrated a facile one-step solvothermal method for the synthesis of the graphene nanosheet (GNS)/magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) composite. During the solvothermal treatment, in situ conversion of FeCl(3) to Fe(3)O(4) and simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide (GO) into graphene in ethylene glycol solution were achieved. Electron microscopy study suggests the Fe(3)O(4) spheres with a size of about 200 nm are uniformly distributed and firmly anchored on the wrinkled graphene layers with a high density. The resulting GNS/Fe(3)O(4) composite shows extraordinary adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rates for removal of organic dye, methylene blue (MB), in water. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics were investigated in detail to reveal that the kinetics and equilibrium adsorptions are well-described by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters reveal that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. This study shows that the as-prepared GNS/Fe(3)O(4) composite could be utilized as an efficient, magnetically separable adsorbent for the environmental cleanup. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 161 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and in people: a meta-analysis of concentrations.

            Ronald Hites (2004)
            Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in many types of consumer products. Perhaps as a result of their widespread use and their lipophilicity, these compounds have become ubiquitous in the environment and in people. This review summarizes PBDE concentrations measured in several environmental media and analyzes these data in terms of relative concentrations, concentration trends, and congener profiles. In human blood, milk, and tissues, total PBDE levels have increased exponentially by a factor of approximately 100 during the last 30 yr; this is a doubling time of approximately 5 yr. The current PBDE concentrations in people from Europe are approximately 2 ng/g lipid, but the concentrations in people from the United States are much higher at approximately 35 ng/g lipid. Current PBDE concentrations in marine mammals from the Canadian Arctic are very low at approximately 5 ng/g lipid, but they have increased exponentially with a doubling time of approximately 7 yr. Marine mammals from the rest of the world have current PBDE levels of approximately 1000 ng/g lipid, and these concentrations have also increased exponentially with a doubling time of approximately 5 yr. Some birds' eggs from Sweden are also highly contaminated (at approximately 2000 ng/g lipid) and show PBDE doubling times of approximately 6 yr. Herring gull eggs from the Great Lakes region now have PBDE concentrations of approximately 7000 ng/g lipid, and these levels have doubled every approximately 3 yr. Fish from Europe have approximately 10 times lower PBDE concentrations than fish from North America. From these and other data, it is clear that the environment and people from North America are very much more contaminated with PBDEs as compared to Europe and that these PBDE levels have doubled every 4-6 yr. Analyses of the relative distributions of the most abundant PBDE congeners (using category averages and principal component analysis) indicated that these patterns cannot yet be used to assign sources to these pollutants.
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              Layer-by-layer self assembly of polyelectrolytes on colloidal particles

              Helmuth Möhwald, Gleb Sukhorukov, Edwin Donath … (1998)
              Article 0 comments Cited 114 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): materials
                Title: Materials
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1996-1944
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 August 2014
                Publication date Collection: August 2014
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 6028-6044
                Affiliations
                The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China; E-Mails: hcchcnc@ 123456126.com (J.Z.); xg1012@ 123456126.com (S.L.); longnengbing@ 123456nbu.edu.cn (N.L.); litianhua@ 123456nbu.edu.cn (T.L.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ganning@ 123456nbu.edu.cn (N.G.); Tel.: +86-574-8760-9983 (N.G.); Fax: +86-574-8760-0734 (N.G.); Tel./Fax: +86-574-6164-2147 (Y.C.).
                Article
                Publisher ID: materials-07-06028
                DOI: 10.3390/ma7086028
                PMC ID: 5456175
                PubMed ID: 28788175
                SO-VID: 055a4545-b201-4215-8747-b63330ec9add
                Copyright © © 2014 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 08 May 2014
                Date revision received : 29 May 2014
                Date accepted : 08 August 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: graphene oxide,magnetic disperse solid phase extraction,water treatment,sol-gel technology,polybrominated diphenyl ethers
                Data availability:
                Keywords: graphene oxide, magnetic disperse solid phase extraction, water treatment, sol-gel technology, polybrominated diphenyl ethers

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