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      Monitoring service delivery for universal health coverage: the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment Translated title: - : Translated title: Surveillance de la prestation de services pour la couverture sanitaire universelle: evaluation de la disponibilite et de l'etat de preparation des services Translated title: رصد إيتاء الخدمات من أجل التغطية الصحية الشاملة: تقييم توفر الخدمات والتأهب Translated title: : Translated title: Control de la prestacion de servicios para la cobertura universal de salud: evaluacion de la disponibilidad y preparacion de los servicios

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          Abstract

          Objective To describe the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) and the results of its implementation in six countries across three continents. Methods The SARA is a comprehensive approach for assessing and monitoring health service availability and the readiness of facilities to deliver health-care interventions, with a standardized set of indicators that cover all main programmes. Standardized data-collection instruments are used to gather information on a defined set of selected tracer items from public and private health facilities through a facility sample survey or census. Results from assessments in six countries are shown. Findings The results highlight important gaps in service delivery that are obstacles to universal access to health services. Considerable variation was found within and across countries in the distribution of health facility infrastructure and workforce and in the types of services offered. Weaknesses in laboratory diagnostic capacities and gaps in essential medicines and commodities were common across all countries. Conclusion The SARA fills an important information gap in monitoring health system performance and universal health coverage by providing objective and regular information on all major health programmes that feeds into country planning cycles.

          Translated abstract

          Résumé Objectif Décrire l'Évaluation de la Disponibilité et de l'État de Préparation des Services, ainsi que les résultats de sa mise en œuvre dans six pays, sur trois continents. Méthodes L'évaluation de la Disponibilité et de l'État de Préparation des Services est une approche globale permettant d'évaluer et de surveiller la disponibilité des services de santé et l'état de préparation des installations pour assurer des interventions médicales, avec un ensemble normalisé d'indicateurs qui couvre tous les programmes principaux. Des instruments normalisés de collecte de données sont utilisés pour recueillir des informations concernant une série définie d'éléments traceurs sélectionnés dans des installations publiques et privées par le biais d'une enquête ou d'un recensement auprès d'un échantillon de participants. Les résultats des évaluations dans six pays sont présentés. Résultats Les résultats soulignent les importantes lacunes en termes de prestations des services qui constituent des obstacles à l'accès universel aux services de santé. Des variations considérables ont été constatées au sein de et entre les pays en termes de la distribution des infrastructures des établissements de santé, des effectifs et des services offerts. Les défaillances en termes de capacités diagnostiques dans les laboratoires et les insuffisances au niveau des médicaments et des produits essentiels sont communes dans tous les pays. Conclusion L'évaluation de la Disponibilité et de l'État de Préparation des Services comble un manque important d'informations dans le domaine de la surveillance de la performance des systèmes de santé et de la couverture sanitaire universelle en fournissant des données objectives et régulières sur tous les principaux programmes de santé qui alimentent les cycles de planification des pays.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Objetivo Describir la evaluación de la disponibilidad y preparación de los servicios (SARA), así como los resultados de su aplicación en seis países de tres continentes. Métodos La evaluación de la disponibilidad y preparación de los servicios es un enfoque integral que tiene como objeto evaluar y realizar un control de la disponibilidad de servicios de salud y la preparación de las instalaciones para realizar intervenciones de atención sanitaria, y que incluye un conjunto estandarizado de indicadores que abarcan todos los programas principales. Se emplean instrumentos estandarizados de recolección de datos para recopilar información sobre un conjunto definido de indicadores seleccionados a través de un censo o encuesta muestral sobre las instalaciones de los servicios de salud públicos y privados. Se muestran los resultados de las evaluaciones en seis países. Resultados Los resultados ponen en relieve deficiencias importantes en la prestación de servicios que obstaculizan el acceso universal a los servicios de salud. Tanto en cada país como entre los países se observa una variación relevante en la distribución de la infraestructura de las instalaciones de salud y del personal sanitario, así como en los tipos de servicios que se ofrecen. En todos los países se observó una falta de fiabilidad en la capacidad de diagnóstico de laboratorio y una insuficiencia de medicamentos esenciales y de productos básicos. Conclusión La evaluación de la disponibilidad y preparación de los servicios colma una carencia importante de información para el control del desempeño del sistema de salud y la cobertura universal de salud, y proporciona información objetiva y periódica sobre los programas de salud principales que se incorpora a los ciclos de planificación de los países.

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          Health service coverage and its evaluation.

          Health service coverage is considered as a concept expressing the extent of interaction between the service and the people for whom it is intended, this interaction not being limited to a particular aspect of service provision but ranging over the whole process from resource allocation to achievement of the desired objective. For the measurement of coverage, several key stages are first identified, each of them involving the realization of an important condition for providing the service; a coverage measure is then defined for each stage, namely the ratio between the number of people for whom the condition is met and the target population, so that a set of these measures represents the interaction between the service and the target population. This definition of coverage allows for variations, which are called "specific coverage", by limiting the target population to specific subgroups differentiated by certain conditions related to service provision or by demographic or socioeconomic factors.The evaluation of coverage on the basis of these concepts enables management to identify bottlenecks in the operation of the service, to analyse the constraining factors responsible for such bottlenecks, and to select effective measures for service development.
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            Universal health coverage and universal access.

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              The multi-country evaluation of the integrated management of childhood illness strategy: lessons for the evaluation of public health interventions.

              The Multi-Country Evaluation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) includes studies of the effectiveness, cost, and impact of the IMCI strategy in Bangladesh, Brazil, Peru, Tanzania, and Uganda. Seven questions were addressed when the evaluation was designed: who would be in charge, through what mechanisms IMCI could affect child health, whether the focus would be efficacy or effectiveness, what indicators would be measured, what types of inference would be made, how costs would be incorporated, and what elements would constitute the plan of analysis. We describe how these questions were answered, the challenges encountered in implementing the evaluation, and the 5 study designs. The methodological insights gained can improve future evaluations of public health programs.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bwho
                Bulletin of the World Health Organization
                Bull World Health Organ
                World Health Organization (Genebra )
                0042-9686
                December 2013
                : 91
                : 12
                : 923-931
                Affiliations
                [1 ] World Health Organization Switzerland
                [2 ]
                Article
                S0042-96862013001200923
                10.2471/BLT.12.116798
                3845262
                24347731
                057125f1-4aaf-406a-b3ae-df29b2eb6546

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0042-9686&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Public health

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