Relationship of Blood Eosinophils with Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Pulmonary Function Parameters in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbation

Abstract

Background

The 2018 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Report reveals that the blood eosinophil count could forecast the risk of flare-ups. This study explored the correlations of blood eosinophils with fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and pulmonary function parameters in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Material/Methods

The data of patients with AECOPD at our hospital admitted between July 2018 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were stratified into an eosinophilic group (≥2%) or a noneosinophilic group (<2%) based on the peripheral eosinophil count per centum. Cross-sectional analysis was performed to compare clinical characteristics, percentage of eosinophils, FeNO, and pulmonary function between the 2 groups.

Results

After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 247 patients were included. FeNO values were higher in eosinophilic group (n=97) than in noneosinophilic group (n=150) ( P=0.005). The forced expiratory volume in 1 second% predicted (FEV1% predicted), FEV1, and forced vital capacity (FVC) were higher in the eosinophilic group than in the noneosinophilic group ( P=0.043; P=0.040; and P=0.011, respectively). Blood eosinophilia showed positive correlations with FeNO ( P=0.004) and spirometry variables (FEV ₁ [% predicted], P=0.003; FEV ₁, P<0.001; and FVC, P<0.001). An FeNO level of 22.5 ppb was the best cutoff value to predict blood eosinophilia ( P=0.000).

Conclusions

Blood eosinophil count is a likely biomarker that can predict positive relationship with FeNO values and pulmonary function parameters.