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      Peripheral odontogenic myxoma of maxillary gingiva: A rare clinical entity

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Odontogenic myxoma comprises 3-6% of all odontogenic tumors. Odontogenic myxomas are relatively rare benign mesenchymal tumors found exclusively in the tooth-bearing areas of the jaw and are usually located centrally in the mandible. Soft-tissue localization is rarely seen and is classified as peripheral myxoma. Peripheral myxoma is slow growing and less aggressive, as compared to the central myxoma. It has a low recurrence rate. Till date, only few cases of maxillary gingival myxomas are reported in the literature. Here, we present an unusual case of primary peripheral odontogenic myxoma occurring in the gingiva of anterior maxilla in a 41-year-old female patient.

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          Odontogenic myxoma: a clinicopathological study of 33 cases.

          Elison N M Simon, E. Vuhahula, Edda Vuhahula … (2004)
          Odontogenic myxoma, a rare tumour that occurs in the jaws, has been reported to be the second commonest odontogenic tumour in many countries. Few studies, however, provide detailed clinicopathological findings of a large series of cases and no study so far has attempted to calculate the incidence of this condition. Retrospective and prospective studies were carried out in Tanzania from 1982 to 1998 (16 years) and 1999 to 2002 (4 years), respectively. A total of 33 cases of myxomas were found with a male:female ratio of 1:1.83. Most of the tumours were located in the mandible compared to the maxilla and were predominantly multilocular. Pain, diasthesia, ulceration, invasion of the soft tissues and tooth mobility were among the symptoms that patients presented with although the majority had no clinical signs or symptoms. Based on the prospective study only, an annual incidence of 0.07 per million can be ascertained. Late reporting was a common feature in this group of patients. Radical surgery with resection of the tumour with a safe margin is advocated.
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            Odontogenic tumors: analysis of 289 Nigerian cases.

            Olusegun Odukoya (1995)
            Two hundred and eighty-nine cases of odontogenic tumors that accumulated in the files of the biopsy service of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital during a period of 21 years were analysed and categorised according to the most recent WHO classification of odontogenic tumors. Odontogenic tumors constituted 19% of all oral/jaw tumors and tumor-like lesions. Ameloblastoma, which accounted for 58.5% of odontogenic tumors in the series, was the most common, and showed a predilection for males and the posterior mandible. 94.8% of odontogenic tumors were benign, while malignant odontogenic tumors accounted for 5.2%. Odontogenic carcinoma was the most prevalent malignant odontogenic tumor; it showed a prediction for the mandible and occurred at a mean age of 37 years.
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              Relative frequency of peripheral odontogenic tumors: a study of 45 new cases and comparison with studies from the literature.

              Amos Buchner, W Merrell, Marshall Carpenter (2006)
              Peripheral (extraosseous) odontogenic tumors are rare, and reports in the literature have mainly been single case reports or a small series of cases. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency of peripheral (extraosseous) odontogenic tumors relative to one another and relative to their central (intraosseous) counterparts in an oral pathology biopsy service and to compare these data with information available in the literature. The files of the Pacific Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory of the University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA, served as the source of material for this study. Files were systematically searched for all cases of peripheral odontogenic tumors (POTs) during a 20-year-period. There were 91,178 cases accessed in which central and POTs were identified in 1,133 (1.24%), central tumors in 1,088 (1.2%), and peripheral tumors in 45 (0.05%). Peripheral tumors accounted for 4% of all 1133 central and POTs. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (PODF) was the most common of the 45 POTs accounting for 51.1% (23 cases) followed by peripheral ameloblastoma (PA) 28.9% (13 cases) and peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (PCCOT) 13.3% (six cases). Peripheral calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, peripheral ameloblastic fibroma, and peripheral ameloblastic carcinoma were also identified--each comprised 2.2% (one case each). PODF was more common than its central counterpart by a 1.4:1 ratio. This was the only peripheral tumor that was more common than its central counterpart. PA accounted for 9.3% of all ameloblastomas and PCCOT for 26% of all calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors. There is only scarce information in the literature on the relative frequency of POTs. Additional studies should be conducted to determine the true relative frequency. To ensure accuracy, pathologists with experience in the field of odontogenic tumors should conduct these studies. Intraosseous tumors that perforate through the bone to the gingival tissue, clinically presenting as 'peripheral tumors' should be excluded.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Indian Soc Periodontol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Indian Soc Periodontol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JISP
                Title: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0972-124X
                ISSN (Electronic): 0975-1580
                Publication date (Print): Sep-Oct 2013
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 653-656
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, M. R. Ambedkar Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Vijay Kumar Jain, #2514, 17 th Main, Banashankari-2 nd Stage, Bangalore - 560 070, Karnataka, India. E-mail: drvjjain@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JISP-17-653
                DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.119287
                PMC ID: 3808023
                PubMed ID: 24174762
                SO-VID: 082474dd-5ca6-4971-8651-94cf80558542
                Copyright © Copyright: © Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 09 May 2012
                Date accepted : 06 August 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: gingiva,myxoma,odontogenic tumor,peripheral
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: gingiva, myxoma, odontogenic tumor, peripheral

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