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      Actividad antiproliferativa y anticolesterogénica de estatinas y monoterpenos Translated title: Antiproliferative and anticholesterogenic activityof statins and monoterpenes Translated title: Atividade antiproliferativa e anticolesterogênicade estatinas e monoterpenos

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          Abstract

          Las estatinas son inhibidores competitivos de la 3-hidroxi-3-metilglutaril-coenzima A (HMG-CoA) reductasa ampliamente usados en los tratamientos contra las hipercolesterolemias. Los monoterpenos son componentes no nutritivos de la dieta presentes en aceites esenciales de varias plantas que han demostrado tener múltiples efectos en la vía del mevalonato. Se estudia el efecto y mecanismo de acción de monoterpenos presentes en aceites esenciales, así como la combinación de éstos entre sí y con simvastatina sobre la síntesis de colesterol, el metabolismo lipídico y la proliferación celular in vitro en células hepáticas Hep G2 y no hepáticas A549, e in vivo en ratones atímicos huéspedes y no huéspedes de tumores derivado de células A549 implantados en ellos. Se abre así una gran expectativa sobre la potencialidad de la administración conjunta de distintos monoterpenos y de extractos naturales de aceites esenciales en el mejoramiento de las terapias antihipercolesterolemiantes y/o el tratamiento del cáncer, como así también en el potencial sinergismo con estatinas como una alternativa para disminuir las dosis efectivas y los efectos indeseados y/o tóxicos.

          Translated abstract

          Statins are competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase used in hypercholesterolemic patients. Monoterpenes are non-nutritive dietary components found in the essential oils of many plants with pharmacologic effects on mevalonate metabolism. The study is centered on the effects and action mechanisms of the monoterpene components of essential oils and the combination of monoterpenes between them and combined with simvastatin on cholesterogenesis, lipid metabolism and cellular proliferation in vitro using two established cell lines, Hep G2 (derived from a human hepatoblastoma), A549 (derived from a human lung adenocarcinoma) and in vivo in no host and host nude mice carrying implanted tumors derived from A549. This opens up great expectations about the potential of co-administration of different natural isoprenoids and essential oils in improving anti-cholesterolemic therapies and/or cancer treatment as well as in the potential synergism with statins as an alternative to lower effective doses, decreasing the likelihood of undesired and/or toxic effects.

          Translated abstract

          As estatinas são inibidores competitivos da 3-hidroxi-3-metilglutaril - coenzima A (HMG-CoA) reductase amplamente utilizados nos tratamentos contra as hipercolesterolemias. Os monoterpenos são componentes não nutritivos da dieta encontrados em óleos essenciais de várias plantas que demonstraram ter múltiplos efeitos na via do mevalonato. Estudamos o efeito e o mecanismo de ação de monoterpenos encontrados em óleos essenciais, bem como a combinação deles entre si e com sinvastatina sobre a síntese de colesterol, o metabolismo lipídico e a proliferação celular in vitro em células hepáticas Hep G2 e não hepáticas A549 e in vivo em camundongos atímicos hospedeiros ou não hospedeiros de tumores derivados de células A549 implantadas neles. Isto abre grandes expectativas sobre o potencial da co-administração de diferentes monoterpenos e de extratos naturais de óleos essenciais na melhoria das terapias anti-hipercolesterolemiantes e/ou tratamento do câncer, assim como no potencial sinergismo com estatinas como uma alternativa para reduzir as doses efetivas e os efeitos indesejáveis e/ou tóxicos.

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          Most cited references54

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          Statins and cancer: current and future prospects.

          Maja Osmak (2012)
          Statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase. They exhibit effects beyond cholesterol reduction, including anticancer activity. This review presents the effects of statins in vitro and their possible molecular anticancer mechanisms and critically discusses the data regarding the role of statins in cancer prevention. Finally, this review focuses on the use of statins combined with other chemotherapeutics to increase the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Despite rare and inconclusive clinical data, the preclinical results strongly suggest that such combined treatment could be a promising new strategy for the treatment of certain tumor types. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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            Current overview of statin-induced myopathy.

            Statins are an efficacious and well-tolerated class of lipid-altering agents that have been shown to reduce the risk of initial and recurrent cardiovascular events. However, cerivastatin was withdrawn from the world market because of its potential for severe myotoxic effects. Since the benefits of statin treatment outweigh the small risk of adverse events, statins remain the first-line therapy for lipid lowering and preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The risk of myopathy may be minimized with the appropriate choice of agent and by identifying patients at risk of myotoxic effects. Elderly or female patients, or those with concomitant medications or impaired metabolic processes, may be at increased risk and should be monitored closely. The risk of myopathy may also be inferred from the pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties of the statin used. Since myotoxic events are more frequent at higher doses, statins that are effective in reducing cholesterol levels and helping patients to reach target levels at start doses may be useful. The lipophilicity of a statin and its potential for drug-drug interactions may also help to determine the likelihood of muscular effects. Drug-drug interactions may be avoided by selecting a statin that does not share the same metabolic pathway.
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              Cholesterol, statins and cancer.

              1. The link between cholesterol and cardiovascular disease is well-established. Emerging evidence is now forging a tantalizing link between cholesterol and cancer. 2. Results from a number of case-control studies have indicated that the commonly prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs, the statins, may reduce the risk of certain cancers, although this area certainly remains controversial. 3. Herein, the recent literature examining statins and cancer is reviewed briefly and the relationship between a key cholesterol homeostatic pathway and signalling pathways that are involved in carcinogenesis is discussed. In particular, how the sterol-regulatory element binding protein, Akt and Hedgehog pathways may converge in cancer is reviewed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abcl
                Acta bioquímica clínica latinoamericana
                Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam.
                Federación Bioquímica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (La Plata )
                1851-6114
                June 2013
                : 47
                : 2
                : 343-351
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional de La Plata Argentina
                [2 ] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica
                Article
                S0325-29572013000200011
                085838b8-817c-4398-9677-5e51dcc0e495

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Argentina

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0325-2957&lng=en
                Categories
                BIOLOGY

                General life sciences
                Mevalonte pathway,Statins,Monotepenes,Cellular proliferation,Cholesterogenesis,Hep G2 cells,A549 cells,Athymic mice,Via do mevalonato,Estatinas,Monoterpenos,Proliferação celular,Colesterogênese,Células hep G2,Células A549,Camundongos atímicos,Vía del mevalonato,Proliferación celular,Colesterogénesis,Ratones atímicos

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