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      In vitro organogenesis of Eucalyptus grandis: effects of boron and calcium Translated title: Efeitos do boro e cálcio na organogênese in vitro de Eucalyptus grandis

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          Abstract

          The in vitro organogenesis of woody species plays an essential role in the improvement of forest products by providing saplings with high commercial value. Furthermore, mineral nutrition plays an important role in the induction of organogenic responses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of boron and calcium in the organogenesis of nodal segments from seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis growing under in vitro conditions. The concentration of boron and calcium in MS medium was modified to induce organogenic responses in 45-day-old nodal segments used as explants. After 60 days, the fresh weight, dry weight, ratio of fresh and dry weight, relative water content and relative matter content accumulated by the explants were evaluated. The concentrations of boron and calcium in the culture medium influenced the in vitro organogenic control of Eucalyptus grandis. Reduced combinations of boron and calcium induced callus formation and dry matter accumulation in the explants. A boron concentration of 100% (1.10 mg L-1) combined with 100% (119.950 mg L-1) and 200% (239.900 mg L-1) of calcium, and 200% (2.20 mg L-1) of boron combined with 100% (119.950 mg L-1) of calcium allowed the induction of well-developed buds, which can be used for the regeneration of micro-plants.

          Translated abstract

          A organogênese in vitro de espécies lenhosas caracteriza-se como fator fundamental para a obtenção de mudas com interesse comercial, gerando aplicações práticas na área do melhoramento florestal. Adicionalmente, a nutrição mineral desempenha papel importante nas respostas de indução organogênica. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do boro e cálcio na organogênese de segmentos nodais oriundos de plântulas de Eucalyptus grandis germinadas in vitro. Segmentos nodais com 45 dias após a germinação foram utilizados como explantes. Os explantes foram submetidos a combinações de boro e cálcio em meio de cultura MS, visando induzir diferentes respostas organogênicas. Ao final de 60 dias de cultivo in vitro foram avaliados a matéria fresca, a matéria seca, relação entre matéria fresca e matéria seca, conteúdo relativo de água e conteúdo relativo de matéria acumulada pelos explantes. As concentrações de boro e cálcio no meio de cultura influenciaram o controle organogênico in vitro de Eucalyptus grandis. Combinações reduzidas de boro e cálcio induziram a formação de calo e acúmulo de matéria nos explantes. A concentração de 100% (1,10 mg L-1) de boro combinada com 100% (119,950 mg L-1) e 200% (239,900 mg L-1) de cálcio e, 200% (2,20 mg L-1) de boro combinado com 100% (119,950 mg L-1) de cálcio favoreceram a indução de gemas com desenvolvimento normal, podendo ser utilizadas para a regeneração de microplântulas.

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          Most cited references48

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          Calcium storage in plants and the implications for calcium biofortification.

          Calcium (Ca) is an essential nutrient for plants and animals, with key structural and signalling roles, and its deficiency in plants can result in poor biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, reduced crop quality and yield. Likewise, low Ca intake in humans has been linked to various diseases (e.g. rickets, osteoporosis, hypertension and colorectal cancer) which can threaten quality of life and have major economic costs. Biofortification of various food crops with Ca has been suggested as a good method to enhance human intake of Ca and is advocated as an economically and environmentally advantageous strategy. Efforts to enhance Ca content of crops via transgenic means have had promising results. Overall Ca content of transgenic plants has been increased but in some cases adverse affects on plant function have been observed. This suggests that a better understanding of how Ca ions (Ca(2+)) are stored and transported through plants is required to maximise the effectiveness of future approaches.
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            Emergence of a novel calcium signaling pathway in plants: CBL-CIPK signaling network.

            In the environment, plants are exposed to plethora of adverse stimuli such as abiotic and biotic stresses. Abiotic stresses including dehydration, salinity and low temperature poses a major threat for crop productivity. Plant responds to these stresses by activating a number of signaling pathways which enable them to defend or adjust against these stresses. To understand the mechanisms by which plants perceive environmental signals and transmit these signals to cellular machinery to activate adaptive responses is of fundamental importance to biology. Calcium plays a pivotal role in plant responses to a number of stimuli including pathogens, abiotic stresses, and hormones. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying calcium functions are poorly understood. It is hypothesized that calcium serves as second messenger and, in many cases, requires intracellular protein sensors to transduce the signal further downstream in the pathways. Recently a novel calcium signaling pathway which consist of calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) calcium sensor and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) network as a newly emerging signaling system mediating a complex array of environmental stimuli. This review focuses on the overview of functional aspects of CBL and CIPK in plants. In addition, an attempt has also been made to categorize the functions of this CBL-CIPK pair in major signaling pathways in plants.
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              Adventitious rooting of Eucalyptus globulus × maidennii mini-cuttings derived from mini-stumps grown in sand bed and intermittent flooding trays: a comparative study

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                asagr
                Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy
                Acta Sci., Agron.
                Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM (Maringá )
                1807-8621
                December 2012
                : 34
                : 4
                : 403-411
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1807-86212012000400007
                10.4025/actasciagron.v34i4.15143
                08820d9f-54f4-4104-9e22-98e6233a36a4

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1807-8621&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                bud induction,callogenesis,tissue culture,mineral nutrition,indução de gemas,calogênese,cultura de tecido,nutrição mineral

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