Una visión de la biología tropical a través del microscopio electrónico

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Abstract

El primer microscopio electrónico que hubo en Costa Rica fue donado por el Gobierno de Japón, mediante su Agencia de Cooperación Internacional ("JICA" por sus siglas del Inglés) en 1974. Con ese equipo se consolidó la Unidad de Microscopia Electrónica (UME) de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Tres años más tarde se publicaron los primeros artículos científicos relacionados con aspectos ultraestructurales del Virus del rayado fino del maíz y rotavirus, el agente de la diarrea infantil. Subsecuentes trabajos de la UME fueron publicados en la Revista de Biología Tropical, totalizando al menos 50 artículos solo en esta revista para el año 2000. La reciente adquisición de espectrómetros de dispersión energética para el análisis de rayos X, acoplados a los microscopios electrónicos de transmisión y de rastreo, aumentan la capacidad de análisis de la UME, haciendo posible el análisis ultraestructural y químico elemental de un espécimen. Entre las aplicaciones de esta metodología está la evaluación de la contaminación ambiental con metales pesados; como estudios comparativos de residuos sobre hojas de árboles en zonas urbanas y en bosques primarios.

Translated abstract

The first electron microscope in Costa Rica was a donation from the government of Japan throught its International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in 1974. This donation made possible the consolidation of what was to hecome the University of Costa Rica's Electron Microscope Unit (UME). Within three years the first scientific papers were published, dealing with ultrastructural aspects of "Com's rayado fino virus" and rotavirus, viral agent of human diarrhea. Subsequent papers out of the UME were published for the most part in the Journal of Tropical Biology, totaling at least 50 in that journal alone by the year 2000. With the recent acquisition of Energy Dispersive Spectrometer to coupled in transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope to X ray analysis, the data acquisition of the UME has been greatly enhanced, making possible to analyze both structure and elemental chemical composition in a specimen. Other applications of this new technology include studies of environmental pollution with heavy metals, such as comparative analysis of residues on leaves from urban areas and those on leaves from primary forest.

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Most cited references 128

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Angiostrongylus costaricensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea), a new lungworm occurring in man in Costa Rica

Pedro Morera, Rodolfo Céspedesu (2002)

Angiostrongylus costaricensis n. sp. is described from Costa Rica where it produces lesions in the abdominal cavity of man. It can be distinguished from other species of the genus on the basis of its size, the length of the spicules, the position of the vulva and the morphology and position of the bursal rays. The parasite localizes in the small mesenteric arteries, especially in the ileocecal region, where it produces arteritis and thrombosis. Eggs in various stages of embryonation were found scattered in the tissues of the intestinal wall and regional lymph nodes, eliciting a granulomatous inflammatory reaction with in. tense eosinophilic infiltration

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Nanobacteria: controversial pathogens in nephrolithiasis and polycystic kidney disease.

N Ciftçioglu, J. T. Hjelle, E Olavi Kajander … (2001)

Nanobacteria are unconventional agents 100-fold smaller than common bacteria that can replicate apatite-forming units. Nanobacteria are powerful mediators of biogenic apatite nucleation (crystal form of calcium phosphate) and crystal growth under conditions simulating blood and urine. Apatite is found in the central nidus of most kidney stones and in mineral plaques (Randall's plaques) in renal papilla. The direct injection of nanobacteria into rat kidneys resulted in stone formation in the nanobacteria-injected kidney during one month follow-up, but not in the control kidney injected with vehicle. After intravenous administration in rats and rabbits, nanobacteria are rapidly excreted from the blood into the urine, as a major elimination route, and damage renal collecting tubuli. Nanobacteria are cytotoxic to fibroblasts in vitro. Human kidney cyst fluids contain nanobacteria. Nanobacteria thus appear to be potential provocateurs and initiators of kidney stones, tubular damage, and kidney cyst formation. It is hypothesized that nanobacteria are the initial nidi on which kidney stone is built up, at a rate dependent on the supersaturation status of the urine. Those individuals having both nanobacteria and diminished defences against stone formation (i.e. genetic factors, diet and drinking habits) could be at high risk. Kidney cyst formation is hypothesized to involve nanobacteria-induced tubular damage and defective tissue regeneration yielding cyst formation, the extent of which is dependent on genetic vulnerability.