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      Influencia de la subdivisión del callo embriogénico en la formación de embriones somáticos de cocotero Translated title: Influence of embryogenic callus subdivision on coconut somatic embryo formation

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          Abstract

          El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de la subdivisión del callo embriogénico primario de cocotero en la formación de embriones somáticos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el laboratorio de biotecnología del Centro de Investigaciones Científicas (CICY-Yucatán), México. Se utilizaron callos embriogénicos de tres meses de cultivo procedentes del cultivo de plúmulas en condiciones de obscuridad por tres meses del genotipo de cocotero Enano Malayo Verde, cultivados previamente en un medio Y3 y adicionado con 0.55 mM de 2,4-D. Los resultados permitieron observar que con callos embriogénicos subdivididos en cuatro partes se incrementa en 3.36 veces el número de embriones somáticos tipo torpedo con respecto al control en los primeros 15 días de cultivo. En un segundo ensayo en el que se utilizó mayor número de muestras la respuesta fue similar, aunque en menor cantidad (2.7 veces) y el peso fresco se incrementó 2.36 veces en subdivisiones de callo embriogénico cultivadas sin fitohormonas, con respecto al control con fitohormonas durante los primeros 15 días de cultivo en condiciones de luminosidad. Los resultados obtenidos son prometedores y establecen las bases para incrementar el número de embriones somáticos y eventualmente la multiplicación de callos embriogénicos en cocotero, lo cual podrá facilitar la propagación a gran escala de palmas híbridas o palmas élite.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this study was to determine the influence of primary embryogenic callus subdivision on the formation of somatic embryos. The research was carried out at the biotechnology laboratory of the Centro de Investigación Cientificade Yucatán, Mexico. Three months old embryogenic callus from plumules cultivated during three months under dark conditions in Y3 medium added with 0.55 mM of 2,4-D of the cultivar Enano Malayo Verde, were used. The subdivision in four parts of the embryogenic callus showed after fifteen days in culture a 3.36 times increase in the number of torpedo type somatic embryos compared to the control. In a second experiment, using a larger number of samples, the results were similar although in smaller amount (2.7 times more somatic embryos) and 2.36 times increase in fresh weight with the subdivision of callus cultured without phytohormones in relation to the control with phytohormones after fifteen days under light culture conditions. These results are promising and could be useful to increase the number of somatic embryos and eventually facilitate large-scale propagation of hybrids or elite coconut palms.

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          Most cited references26

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          The CLAVATA1 gene encodes a putative receptor kinase that controls shoot and floral meristem size in Arabidopsis.

          The shoot apical meristem is responsible for above-ground organ initiation in higher plants, accomplishing continuous organogenesis by maintaining a pool of undifferentiated cells and directing descendant cells toward organ formation. Normally, proliferation and differentiation are balanced, so that the structure and size of the shoot meristem is maintained. However, Arabidopsis plants homozygous for mutations at the CLAVATA1 (CLV1) locus accumulate excess undifferentiated cells. We describe the molecular cloning and expression pattern of the CLV1 gene. It encodes a putative receptor kinase, suggesting a role in signal transduction. The extracellular domain is composed of 21 tandem leucine-rich repeats that resemble leucine-rich repeats found in animal hormone receptors. We provide evidence that CLV1 expression in the inflorescence is specifically associated with meristematic activity.
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            Regeneration of coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) from plumule explants through somatic embryogenesis

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              Spatial pattern of cdc2 expression in relation to meristem activity and cell proliferation during plant development.

              The p34 protein kinase encoded by the cdc2 gene is a key component of the eukaryotic cell cycle required for the G1- to S-phase transition and entry into mitosis. To study the regulation of plant meristem activity and cell proliferation, we have examined the tissue-specific accumulation of cdc2 transcripts in Arabidopsis thaliana and the related crucifer radish (Raphanus sativus) by in situ hybridization using A. thaliana cdc2 cDNA sequences as a probe. cdc2 transcripts accumulated in leaf primordia and within the vegetative shoot apical meristem. During flower development, high levels of expression were observed in meristems, in the basal regions of developing organs, in the developing vasculature, and associated with rib meristems elaborated late in the development of some floral organs. In root tips, cdc2 transcripts accumulated in the meristematic region and adjacent daughter cells but were not detected in the quiescent center. There was strong hybridization throughout the pericycle, and a further localized accumulation of cdc2 transcripts was observed in the initial stages of the activation of a new meristem at sites of lateral root development. We conclude that cdc2 expression is a critical factor in the regulation of meristem activity and establishment of proliferative competence.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                agritm
                Agricultura técnica en México
                Agric. Téc. Méx
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (México, DF, Mexico )
                0568-2517
                March 2009
                : 35
                : 1
                : 39-48
                Affiliations
                [02] Mérida Yucatán orgnameCentro de Investigación Cientifica de Yucatán orgdiv1Unidad de Biotecnología chanro@ 123456cicy.mx
                [01] Huimanguillo Tabasco orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias orgdiv1Campo Experimental Huimanguillo orgdiv2Programa de Biotecnología
                Article
                S0568-25172009000100004 S0568-2517(09)03500100004
                08cc1acf-3ff1-42b6-9d5c-144abe40b3f6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : March 2009
                : February 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                callus subdivision,Cocos mucifera L.,embriogénesis somática,subdivisión de callo,somatic embryogenesis

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