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      Reduction of osteoarthritis severity in the temporomandibular joint of rabbits treated with chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine

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          Abstract

          Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that causes substantial changes in joint tissues, such as cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone sclerosis. Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine are commonly used products for the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of these products when used as structure-modifying drugs on the progression of osteoarthritis in the rabbit temporomandibular joint. Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups (n = 12/group): control (no disease); osteoarthritis (disease induction); and treatment (disease induction and administration of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine). Osteoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate. Animals were killed at 30 and 90 days after initiation of therapy. The treatment was effective in reducing disease severity, with late effects and changes in the concentration of glycosaminoglycans in the articular disc. The results indicate that chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine may have a structure-modifying effect on the tissues of rabbit temporomandibular joints altered by osteoarthritis.

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          Most cited references52

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          Osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology: grading and staging.

          Current osteoarthritis (OA) histopathology assessment methods have difficulties in their utility for early disease, as well as their reproducibility and validity. Our objective was to devise a more useful method to assess OA histopathology that would have wide application for clinical and experimental OA assessment and would become recognized as the standard method. An OARSI Working Group deliberated on principles, standards and features for an OA cartilage pathology assessment system. Using current knowledge of the pathophysiology of OA morphologic features, a proposed system was presented at OARSI 2000. Subsequently, this was widely circulated for comments amongst experts in OA pathology. An OA cartilage pathology assessment system based on six grades, which reflect depth of the lesion and four stages reflecting extent of OA over the joint surface was developed. The OARSI cartilage OA histopathology grading system appears consistent and simple to apply. Further studies are required to confirm the system's utility.
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            Weight bearing as a measure of disease progression and efficacy of anti-inflammatory compounds in a model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis.

            To describe an in vivo model in the rat in which change in weight distribution is used as a measure of disease progression and efficacy of acetaminophen and two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in a model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA). Intra-articular injections of MIA and saline were administered to male Wistar rats (175-200 g) into the right and left knee joints, respectively. Changes in hind paw weight distribution between the right (osteoarthritic) and left (contralateral control) limbs were utilized as an index of joint discomfort. Acetaminophen and two archetypal, orally administered NSAIDs, naproxen and rofecoxib, were examined for their ability to decrease MIA-induced change in weight distribution. A concentration-dependent increase in change in hind paw weight distribution was noted after intra-articular injection of MIA. Both naproxen and rofecoxib demonstrated the capacity to significantly (P<0.05) decrease hind paw weight distribution in a dose-dependent fashion, indicating that the change in weight distribution associated with MIA injection is susceptible to pharmacological intervention. The determination of differences in hind paw weight distribution in the rat MIA model of OA is a technically straightforward, reproducible method that is predictive of the effects of anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. This system may be useful for the discovery of novel pharmacologic agents in human OA.
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              Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: a 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

              Conventional symptomatic treatments for osteoarthritis do not favorably affect disease progression. The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled trial was to determine whether long-term (3-year) treatment with glucosamine sulfate can modify the progression of joint structure and symptom changes in knee osteoarthritis, as previously suggested. Two hundred two patients with knee osteoarthritis (using American College of Rheumatology criteria) were randomized to receive oral glucosamine sulfate, 1500 mg once a day, or placebo. Changes in radiographic minimum joint space width were measured in the medial compartment of the tibiofemoral joint, and symptoms were assessed using the algo-functional indexes of Lequesne and WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities). Osteoarthritis was of mild to moderate severity at enrollment, with average joint space widths of slightly less than 4 mm and a Lequesne index score of less than 9 points. Progressive joint space narrowing with placebo use was -0.19 mm (95% confidence interval, -0.29 to -0.09 mm) after 3 years. Conversely, there was no average change with glucosamine sulfate use (0.04 mm; 95% confidence interval, -0.06 to 0.14 mm), with a significant difference between groups (P =.001). Fewer patients treated with glucosamine sulfate experienced predefined severe narrowings (>0.5 mm): 5% vs 14% (P =.05). Symptoms improved modestly with placebo use but as much as 20% to 25% with glucosamine sulfate use, with significant final differences on the Lequesne index and the WOMAC total index and pain, function, and stiffness subscales. Safety was good and without differences between groups. Long-term treatment with glucosamine sulfate retarded the progression of knee osteoarthritis, possibly determining disease modification.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Project administration
                Role: Data curationRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                15 April 2020
                2020
                : 15
                : 4
                : e0231734
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Dentistry/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
                [2 ] Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit/ Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), School of Dentistry/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
                UMR 7365 CNRS UL, FRANCE
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                [¤a]

                Current address: Instituto Puricelli - Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

                [¤b]

                Current address: Faculdade de Odontologia - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6148-5396
                Article
                PONE-D-19-23299
                10.1371/journal.pone.0231734
                7159193
                32294140
                08da096d-36f1-4911-af41-548275cf6a42
                © 2020 Artuzi et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 18 August 2019
                : 30 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 1, Pages: 16
                Funding
                We are grateful to the Brazilian funding agency Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa e Eventos do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA/FIPE; 160238) for approving. this study. We are also thankful to the Post-Graduation Group in Faculdade de Odontologia (PPGO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, and to the Animal Experimentation Unit (UEA), Experimental Pathology Unit and Molecular Analyses and Proteins Unit of HCPA.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Rheumatology
                Arthritis
                Osteoarthritis
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Animals
                Vertebrates
                Amniotes
                Mammals
                Leporids
                Rabbits
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Animal Studies
                Experimental Organism Systems
                Animal Models
                Rabbits
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Biological Tissue
                Connective Tissue
                Cartilage
                Articular Cartilage
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Biological Tissue
                Connective Tissue
                Cartilage
                Articular Cartilage
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Biological Tissue
                Connective Tissue
                Cartilage
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Biological Tissue
                Connective Tissue
                Cartilage
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Skeletal Joints
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Skeletal Joints
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Biological Tissue
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                Cartilage
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                Medicine and Health Sciences
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                Biological Tissue
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                Cartilage
                Chondrocytes
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Cell Biology
                Cellular Types
                Animal Cells
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                Chondrocytes
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Biological Tissue
                Connective Tissue
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                Chondrocytes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Biological Tissue
                Connective Tissue
                Connective Tissue Cells
                Chondrocytes
                Biology and Life Sciences
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                Extracellular Matrix
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