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      Practical implications of perfluoroalkyl substances adsorption on bottle materials: Isotherms

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          Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis

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            Is Open Access

            Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment: Terminology, Classification, and Origins

            The primary aim of this article is to provide an overview of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) detected in the environment, wildlife, and humans, and recommend clear, specific, and descriptive terminology, names, and acronyms for PFASs. The overarching objective is to unify and harmonize communication on PFASs by offering terminology for use by the global scientific, regulatory, and industrial communities. A particular emphasis is placed on long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids, substances related to the long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids, and substances intended as alternatives to the use of the long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids or their precursors. First, we define PFASs, classify them into various families, and recommend a pragmatic set of common names and acronyms for both the families and their individual members. Terminology related to fluorinated polymers is an important aspect of our classification. Second, we provide a brief description of the 2 main production processes, electrochemical fluorination and telomerization, used for introducing perfluoroalkyl moieties into organic compounds, and we specify the types of byproducts (isomers and homologues) likely to arise in these processes. Third, we show how the principal families of PFASs are interrelated as industrial, environmental, or metabolic precursors or transformation products of one another. We pay particular attention to those PFASs that have the potential to be converted, by abiotic or biotic environmental processes or by human metabolism, into long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic or sulfonic acids, which are currently the focus of regulatory action. The Supplemental Data lists 42 families and subfamilies of PFASs and 268 selected individual compounds, providing recommended names and acronyms, and structural formulas, as well as Chemical Abstracts Service registry numbers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:513–541. © 2011 SETAC
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              Multiple Comparisons among Means

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                10.1002/(ISSN)2577-8161
                AWWA Water Science
                AWWA Wat Sci
                John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Hoboken, USA )
                2577-8161
                2577-8161
                24 September 2021
                Affiliations
                Cincinnati; Ohio US United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response
                Cincinnati; Ohio US Pegasus Technical Services, Inc.
                Article
                10.1002/aws2.1243
                0b68329b-7bbd-4844-8747-c084f4fb0f9d
                © 2021 American Water Works Association. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
                History
                Funding
                Funded by: Office of Research and Development
                Funded by: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

                Earth & Environmental sciences,Oceanography & Hydrology,Chemistry,Engineering,Civil engineering,Environmental engineering
                adsorption,drinking water,PFAS,bottle materials,isotherm

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