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      Non-linear relationship between body roundness index and albuminuria among children and adolescents aged 8–19 years: A cross-sectional study

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      Author(s): , , , , * ,
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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLOS ONE
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Obesity has been found to be correlated with numerous health issues, including an elevated risk of albuminuria in adults. However, this correlation is still controversial among children and adolescents, as several recent large-scale cross-sectional studies have observed a negative correlation between obesity and albuminuria. Our study aimed to investigate the link between the body roundness index (BRI) and albuminuria among children and adolescents, in order to further understand the correlation between obesity and albuminuria in this demographic.

          Methods

          We employed information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2010 for cross-sectional analysis. Weighted logistic regression was employed to explore the linear relationship between BRI and albuminuria, with subgroup analyses performed for more detailed insights. Weighted linear regression analysis was employed to explore the relationship between BRI and the urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR). Additionally, we applied smooth curve fitting to investigate their non-linear relationship and conducted threshold effect analysis to identify any turning point.

          Results

          In this study of 15,487 participants aged 8–19 years, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between BRI and albuminuria (OR = 0.616, 95%CI: 0.526–0.722). The relationship between BRI and UACR, as shown by multivariate linear regression analysis, was significantly inversely correlated (β: -5.424, 95%CI: -7.416 to -3.433). Furthermore, smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis showed a non-linear relationship between BRI and albuminuria, with a BRI inflection point identified at 2.906.

          Conclusions

          These findings of our study suggest a significant nonlinear negative association between BRI and the presence of albuminuria among children and teenagers, and maintaining an appropriate BRI may decrease the occurrence of albuminuria in this population.

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          Most cited references29

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          A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate.

          Andrew Levey, Lesley Stevens, Christopher H Schmid … (2009)
          Equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are routinely used to assess kidney function. Current equations have limited precision and systematically underestimate measured GFR at higher values. To develop a new estimating equation for GFR: the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Cross-sectional analysis with separate pooled data sets for equation development and validation and a representative sample of the U.S. population for prevalence estimates. Research studies and clinical populations ("studies") with measured GFR and NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), 1999 to 2006. 8254 participants in 10 studies (equation development data set) and 3896 participants in 16 studies (validation data set). Prevalence estimates were based on 16,032 participants in NHANES. GFR, measured as the clearance of exogenous filtration markers (iothalamate in the development data set; iothalamate and other markers in the validation data set), and linear regression to estimate the logarithm of measured GFR from standardized creatinine levels, sex, race, and age. In the validation data set, the CKD-EPI equation performed better than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation, especially at higher GFR (P < 0.001 for all subsequent comparisons), with less bias (median difference between measured and estimated GFR, 2.5 vs. 5.5 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)), improved precision (interquartile range [IQR] of the differences, 16.6 vs. 18.3 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)), and greater accuracy (percentage of estimated GFR within 30% of measured GFR, 84.1% vs. 80.6%). In NHANES, the median estimated GFR was 94.5 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (IQR, 79.7 to 108.1) vs. 85.0 (IQR, 72.9 to 98.5) mL/min per 1.73 m(2), and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease was 11.5% (95% CI, 10.6% to 12.4%) versus 13.1% (CI, 12.1% to 14.0%). The sample contained a limited number of elderly people and racial and ethnic minorities with measured GFR. The CKD-EPI creatinine equation is more accurate than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation and could replace it for routine clinical use. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
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            Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management

            Teresa Chen, Daphne H. Knicely, Morgan E Grams (2019)
            Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the 16th leading cause of years of life lost worldwide. Appropriate screening, diagnosis, and management by primary care clinicians are necessary to prevent adverse CKD-associated outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, end-stage kidney disease, and death.
            Article 0 comments Cited 379 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Relationships between body roundness with body fat and visceral adipose tissue emerging from a new geometrical model

              Diana M Thomas, Carl Bredlau, Anja Bosy-Westphal … (2013)
              Objective To develop a new geometrical index that combines height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) and relate this index to total and visceral body fat. Design and Methods Subject data were pooled from three databases that contained demographic, anthropometric, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured fat mass, and magnetic resonance imaging measured visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume. Two elliptical models of the human body were developed. Body roundness was calculated from the model using a well-established constant arising from the theory. Regression models based on eccentricity and other variables were used to predict % body fat and % VAT. Results A body roundness index (BRI) was derived to quantify the individual body shape in a height-independent manner. Body roundness slightly improved predictions of % body fat and % VAT compared to the traditional metrics of body mass index (BMI), WC, or HC. On this basis, healthy body roundness ranges were established. An automated graphical program simulating study results was placed at http://www.pbrc.edu/bodyroundness. Conclusions Body roundness index, a new shape measure, is a predictor of % body fat and % VAT and can be applied as a visual tool for health status evaluations.
              Article 0 comments Cited 132 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xuankai Qin:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6050-4960
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draft
                Jiahui Wei: Role: Data curationRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – original draft
                Jie Chen: Role: Data curationRole: Methodology
                Fengying Lei: Role: SoftwareRole: Writing – review & editing
                Yuanhan Qin:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5463-8048
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Amirmohammad Khalaji: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Title: PLOS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 March 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0299509
                Affiliations
                [001] Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
                Tehran University of Medical Sciences, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6050-4960
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5463-8048
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-23-32924
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299509
                PMC ID: 10919584
                PubMed ID: 38451930
                SO-VID: 0d4c5ccf-5c24-4d00-be8f-92cad02351cb
                Copyright © © 2024 Qin et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 11 October 2023
                Date accepted : 9 February 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 5, Pages: 12
                Funding
                Funded by: Guangxi High-Level Medical Talent Training Plan (“139” plan)
                Award ID: NO. G201901010
                Award Recipient : Yuan-Han Qin
                This work was supported by Guangxi High-Level Medical Talent Training Plan (“139” plan) (grant no. G201901010). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Physiological Parameters
                Subject: Body Weight
                Subject: Obesity
                Subject: Childhood Obesity
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Biochemistry
                Subject: Lipids
                Subject: Cholesterol
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Physiological Parameters
                Subject: Body Weight
                Subject: Obesity
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Age Groups
                Subject: Children
                Subject: Adolescents
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Families
                Subject: Children
                Subject: Adolescents
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Vascular Medicine
                Subject: Blood Pressure
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Biochemistry
                Subject: Proteins
                Subject: Lipoproteins
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Biochemistry
                Subject: Proteins
                Subject: C-Reactive Proteins
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Mathematical and Statistical Techniques
                Subject: Mathematical Functions
                Subject: Curve Fitting
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability The data files are available in the NHANES database: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/continuousnhanes/default.aspx.

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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