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      Autismo nas organizações: percepções e ações para inclusão do ponto de vista de gestores Translated title: Autism in organizations: perceptions and actions for inclusion from the point of view of managers Translated title: Autismo en las organizaciones: percepciones y acciones para la inclusión desde el punto de vista de los gerentes

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          Abstract

          Resumo Nosso artigo tem como objetivo identificar quais são as percepções e ações para inclusão, do ponto de vista de gestores, de pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) nas organizações que empregam esses profissionais no Brasil. O número de pessoas diagnosticadas com autismo nos Estados Unidos tem aumentado, conforme dados do Centers com base na transposição dos dados, o Brasil teria um número próximo a 4,48 milhões de autistas (Paiva, 2021) em 2021. A maioria das organizações brasileiras não oferece condições mínimas para a inclusão desses profissionais (Leopoldino, 2018), e o tema ainda é escasso na literatura acadêmica internacional e nacional, especialmente de forma empírica. Para este estudo, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis executivos de empresas nacionais e estrangeiras que contratam profissionais com TEA. Por meio da análise temática, foram identificadas as percepções dos gestores sobre esses profissionais e as ações de inclusão adotadas por eles. Os resultados indicam que as percepções dos gestores têm como base estereótipos, mas que estes acabam se alterando à medida que convivem com profissionais com TEA. Com relação às ações para inclusão, foram identificados a importância da cultura de inclusão, o acompanhamento do profissional com TEA pelos intermediadores em todas as etapas da carreira e a atenção dos envolvidos com a saúde deles. Os resultados fornecem achados úteis para organizações que promovem a diversidade, além de mostrar que as ações para a inclusão de pessoas com TEA ainda se mostram incipientes em nosso país.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Our article aims to identify managers’ perceptions and actions for inclusion of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in organizations that employ these professionals in Brazil. The number of people diagnosed with autism in the US has increased, according to 2021 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In comparison with the USA, from the transposition of the data, Brazil counts a number close to 4.48 million of autistic people (Paiva, 2021) in 2021. Most Brazilian organizations do not offer minimum conditions for the inclusion of these professionals (Leopoldino, 2018), and the topic is still scarce in the international and national academic literature, especially empirically. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with six executives from national and foreign companies that hire professionals with ASD. Through thematic analysis, managers’ perceptions of these professionals and the inclusion actions adopted by them were identified. The results indicate that the perceptions of managers are based on stereotypes but these end up changing as they live with professionals with ASD. Regarding actions for inclusion, the importance of a culture of inclusion was identified, as well as the monitoring of professionals with ASD by intermediaries at all stages of their careers and the attention of those involved with their health. The results provide useful findings for organizations that promote diversity and show that actions for the inclusion of people with ASD are still incipient in our country.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Nuestro artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las percepciones y acciones para la inclusión, desde el punto de vista de los gerentes, de personas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) en organizaciones que emplean a estos profesionales en Brasil. El número de personas diagnosticadas con autismo en EE.UU. aumentó según datos de 2021 de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC); con base en la transposición de datos, Brasil tendría alrededor de 4,48 millones de personas autistas (Paiva, 2021). La mayoría de las organizaciones brasileñas no ofrece condiciones mínimas para la inclusión de estos profesionales (Leopoldino, 2018) y el tema aún es escaso en la literatura académica internacional y nacional, especialmente de manera empírica. Para este estudio, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a seis ejecutivos de empresas nacionales y extranjeras que contratan profesionales con TEA. A través del análisis temático, se identificaron las percepciones de los gerentes sobre estos profesionales y las acciones de inclusión adoptadas por ellos. Los resultados indican que las percepciones de los gerentes se basan en estereotipos, pero que estos acaban cambiando a medida que conviven con profesionales con TEA. En cuanto a las acciones para la inclusión, se identificó la importancia de una cultura de inclusión, del seguimiento de los profesionales con TEA por parte de los intermediarios en todas las etapas de su carrera y de la atención de los involucrados con su salud. Los resultados brindan hallazgos útiles para las organizaciones que promueven la diversidad, además de mostrar que las acciones para la inclusión de personas con TEA son aún incipientes en nuestro país.

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          Most cited references41

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          Employment activities and experiences of adults with high-functioning autism and Asperger’s Disorder.

          There is limited large-scale empirical research into the working lives of adults who have an autism spectrum disorder with no co-occurring intellectual disability. Drawing on data from a national survey, this report describes the employment activities and experiences of 130 adults with Asperger's Disorder (AD) and high functioning autism (HFA) in Australia. Outcome measures include current occupation; occupational skill level and alignment with educational attainment; type of job contract; hours of work; support received to find work; support received in the workplace; and positive and negative experiences of employment. The findings confirm and expand upon existing evidence that adults with AD and HFA, despite their capacity and willingness to work, face significant disadvantages in the labour market and a lack of understanding and support in employment settings.
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            Is Open Access

            Autism and Overcoming Job Barriers: Comparing Job-Related Barriers and Possible Solutions in and outside of Autism-Specific Employment

            The aim of this study was to discover how individuals with autism succeed in entering the job market. We therefore sought to identify expected and occurred barriers, keeping them from taking up and staying in employment as well as to identify the solutions used to overcome these barriers. Sixty-six employed individuals with autism–17 of them with autism-specific employment–participated in an online survey. Results showed a variety of possible barriers. Individuals in autism-specific employment named formality problems–problems with organizational and practical process-related aspects of the job entry–most frequently while individuals in non-autism-specific employment mentioned social problems–obstacles concerning communication and human interaction–most. In terms of solutions, both groups used their own resources as much as external help, but differed in their specific strategies. In addition, correlations of an autism-specific employment with general and occupational self-efficacy as well as life and job satisfaction were examined. Possible implications of the results are discussed with regard to problem solving behavior and the use of strengths.
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              Competitive employment for youth with autism spectrum disorders: early results from a randomized clinical trial.

              For most youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), employment upon graduation from high school or college is elusive. Employment rates are reported in many studies to be very low despite many years of intensive special education services. This paper presented the preliminary results of a randomized clinical trial of Project SEARCH plus ASD Supports on the employment outcomes for youth with ASD between the ages of 18-21 years of age. This model provides very promising results in that the employment outcomes for youth in the treatment group were much higher in non-traditional jobs with higher than minimum wage incomes than for youth in the control condition. Specifically, 21 out of 24 (87.5 %) treatment group participants acquired employment while 1 of 16 (6.25 %) of control group participants acquired employment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cebape
                Cadernos EBAPE.BR
                Cad. EBAPE.BR
                Fundação Getulio Vargas, Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1679-3951
                2023
                : 21
                : 1
                : e2022-0061
                Affiliations
                [1] São Paulo SP orgnameFundação Getulio Vargas orgdiv1Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1679-39512023000100609 S1679-3951(23)02100100609
                10.1590/1679-395120220061
                0f0b14cd-2021-4a82-85a3-c30bc4f315c7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 February 2022
                : 12 August 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo

                Ações,Percepções,Inclusão,Autismo,Actions,Perceptions,Inclusion,Autism

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