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      Micronucleus count in nasal epithelial cells from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and polyps Translated title: Contagem de micronúcleos em células epiteliais nasais de pacientes com rinossinusite crônica e pólipos

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, a prevalent disease affecting around 2% of the world population, is characterized by symptomatic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and impairment of quality of life. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps has a multifactorial etiology, involving a dysfunctional host response to environmental factors. Thus, inflammatory models may be useful to shed light on the pathophysiology of this disease. Micronucleus count has been used to screen DNA damage in various tissues.

          Objective

          To investigate the association between frequency of micronucleus in exfoliated cells from the nasal cavity of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and disease severity.

          Methods

          This cross-sectional study included 21 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and 19 controls without disease. None of the participants were smokers.

          Results

          Mean micronucleus count was 3.690 per 1000 cells (±2.165) in individuals with vs. 1.237 per 1000 cells (±0.806) in controls; (Student's t test = 4.653, p < 0.001). Nasal surgery in the past 5 years and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease were not associated with nicronucleus count ( p = 0.251).

          Conclusion

          Micronucleus count seems to be linked to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, providing a new perspective for the evaluation of this disorder.

          Resumo

          Introdução

          A rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais, doença prevalente que afeta cerca de 2% da população mundial, é caracterizada por inflamação sintomática da mucosa nasal e comprometimento da qualidade de vida. A rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais tem etiologia multifatorial, envolvendo resposta disfuncional do hospedeiro a fatores ambientais. Assim, modelos inflamatórios podem ser úteis para esclarecer a fisiopatologia dessa doença. A contagem de micronúcleos tem sido usada para rastrear danos no DNA em vários tecidos.

          Objetivo

          Investigar a associação entre a frequência de micronúcleos em células esfoliadas da cavidade nasal de pacientes com rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais e a gravidade da doença.

          Método

          Estudo transversal que incluiu 21 pacientes com rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais e 19 controles sem doença. Nenhum dos participantes eram fumantes.

          Resultados

          A contagem média de micronúcleos foi de 3,690 por 1.000 células (±2,165) nos indivíduos doentes e 1,237 por 1.000 células (±0,806) nos controles (Teste t de Student = 4,653; p < 0,001). A cirurgia nasal nos últimos 5 anos e a doença respiratória exacerbada por aspirina não foram associadas à contagem de micronúcleos ( p = 0,251).

          Conclusão

          A contagem de micronúcleos parece estar ligada à rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais, proporcionando uma nova perspectiva para a avaliação dessa doença.

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          Most cited references32

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          Buccal micronucleus cytome assay.

          The Buccal Micronucleus Cytome (BMCyt) assay is a minimally invasive method for studying DNA damage, chromosomal instability, cell death and the regenerative potential of human buccal mucosal tissue. This method is increasingly used in molecular epidemiological studies for investigating the impact of nutrition, lifestyle factors, genotoxin exposure and genotype on DNA damage, chromosome malsegregation and cell death. The biomarkers measured in this assay have been associated with increased risk of accelerated ageing, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This protocol describes one of the current established methods for buccal cell collection using a small-headed toothbrush, the generation of a single-cell suspension, slide preparation using cytocentrifugation, fixation and staining using Feulgen and Light Green for both bright field and fluorescence microscopic analysis. The scoring criteria for micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies are also described in detail. The protocol in its current form takes approximately 4 h to complete from the time of buccal cell collection to the generation of stained slides for microscopic analysis.
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            The micronucleus assay in human buccal cells as a tool for biomonitoring DNA damage: the HUMN project perspective on current status and knowledge gaps.

            The micronucleus (MN) assay in exfoliated buccal cells is a useful and minimally invasive method for monitoring genetic damage in humans. This overview has concluded that although MN assay in buccal cells has been used since the 1980s to demonstrate cytogenetic effects of environmental and occupational exposures, lifestyle factors, dietary deficiencies, and different diseases, important knowledge gaps remain about the characteristics of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities, the basic biology explaining the appearance of various cell types in buccal mucosa samples and effects of diverse staining procedures and scoring criteria in laboratories around the world. To address these uncertainties, the human micronucleus project (HUMN; see http://www.humn.org) has initiated a new international validation project for the buccal cell MN assay similar to that previously performed using human lymphocytes. Future research should explore sources of variability in the assay (e.g. between laboratories and scorers, as well as inter- and intra-individual differences in subjects), and resolve key technical issues, such as the method of buccal cell staining, optimal criteria for classification of normal and degenerated cells and for scoring micronuclei and other abnormalities. The harmonization and standardization of the buccal MN assay will allow more reliable comparison of the data among human populations and laboratories, evaluation of the assay's performance, and consolidation of its world-wide use for biomonitoring of DNA damage.
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              Inflammation and cancer: role of phagocyte-generated oxidants in carcinogenesis.

              We have reviewed some of the data that link the reactive oxygen species produced by inflammatory phagocytes to cancer development. While it is clear that these substances induce phenotypic changes characteristic of those produced by known carcinogens, the precise mechanisms by which these effects are produced require much further study. In vitro, it would appear that phagocyte-generated oxidants could be complete carcinogens, ie, could cause both tumor initiation and promotion. In vivo, however, these substances appear usually to function as tumor promoters or cocarcinogens perhaps because of high levels of endogenous antioxidant defenses. This suggests that there may be even more reason to be optimistic about the potential for positive results in cancer chemoprevention trials in humans, and provides further rationale for the continuing interest in the use of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs in current and future trials. For example, the Chemoprevention Branch of the National Cancer Institute is currently sponsoring seven extramural human efficacy intervention trials testing whether the antioxidant beta carotene can prevent cancer.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
                Elsevier
                1808-8694
                1808-8686
                18 June 2019
                Nov-Dec 2020
                18 June 2019
                : 86
                : 6
                : 743-747
                Affiliations
                [0005]Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Hospital Santa Clara, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. renatald.rld@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1808-8694(19)30056-4
                10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.05.004
                9422711
                31285184
                0fc74f9b-eb92-44e8-a697-9397e1c4e3ac
                © 2019 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 21 January 2019
                : 21 May 2019
                Categories
                Original Article

                micronucleus tests,nasal polyps,sinusitis,inflammation,teste micronúcleo,pólipos nasais,sinusite,inflamação

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