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      Association of dyslipidemia with intakes of fruit and vegetables and the body fat content of adults clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program Translated title: Associación de la dislipidemia con la ingestión de frutas y vegetales y el contenido de grasa corporal de adultos seleccionados para un programa de modificación del estilo de vida

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          Abstract

          To investigate the relationship of dyslipidemia with demographic distribution and patterns of body fat and dietary intakes. From a universe of adults clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program 979 subjects (409 males and 570 females, 52.2 ± 9.6 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overnight-fasting plasma was assayed (dry chemistry) for triglycerides (TG), total (TC) and HDL fraction of cholesterol given the non-HDL (n-HDL) fraction by the difference. Anthropometric assessment included body weight (kg), height (m), fat (bioelectrical impedance) and waist circumference (WC). Food intake was assessed by the 24-hour recall questionnaire and the food groups evaluated through recommendations from an adapted food pyramid. The chances of dyslipidemia from other variable changes were determined by logistic regression with p2 servings). Dietary intakes have protective effects against hypertriglyceridemia with whole grains, odds ratio (OR) 0.342 (CI 95%, 0.154-0.760), fruits >3 servings (OR 0.523, 0.290-0.941) and vegetables >4 servings (OR 0.360, 0.176-0.735). In general total body and abdominal adiposity influenced all dyslipidemia markers while dietary intake of fruits and vegetables protected against triglyceridemia.

          Translated abstract

          Investigar las relaciones de dislipidemia con distribución demográfica y patrones de masa corporal e ingestión de alimentos. De un universo de adultos clínicamente seleccionados para un programa de modificación de estilo de vida, 979 sujetos (409 hombres y 570 mujeres, 52,2 ± 9,6 años) cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se examinó el plasma cosechado tras ayuno nocturno (química seca) para averiguar si hay la presencia de triglicéridos (TG), colesterol total (CT) y fracción de colesterol dada la fracción no HDL por diferencia. Una evaluación antropométrica incluyó peso corporal (kg), altura (m), grasa (impedancia bioeléctrica) y circunferencia de la cintura (CC). Se evaluó la ingestión de alimentos con el cuestionario de tipo recordatorio de 24 horas y los grupos de alimentos evaluados por la pirámide de alimentos recomendada. Se determinaron las probabilidades de dislipidemia de otros cambios variables con regresión logística p2 porciones). El consumo en la dieta protege de hipertrigliceridemia con odds ratio de granos integrales (OR) 0,342 (CI 95%, 0,154-0,760), frutas >3 porciones (OR 0.523, 0.290-0.941) y hortalizas >4 porciones (OR 0.360, 0.176-0.735). En general la adiposidad corporal total y abdominal influenció todos los marcadores de dislipidemia y solamente la trigliceridemia fue protegida por ingestión de frutas y hortalizas en la dieta.

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          Most cited references67

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          Fruit and vegetable intakes, C-reactive protein, and the metabolic syndrome.

          Limited data on the relation between the risk of the metabolic syndrome and fruit and vegetable intakes and inflammatory marker concentrations are available. We evaluated the relation between fruit and vegetable intakes and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Fruit and vegetable intakes were assessed with the use of a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire in a cross-sectional study of 486 Tehrani female teachers aged 40-60 y. Anthropometric measurements were made and blood pressure was assessed according to standard methods. Fasting blood samples were taken for biochemical measurements. The metabolic syndrome was defined on the basis of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The reported mean daily fruit and vegetable intakes were 228 +/- 79 and 186 +/- 88 g/d, respectively. Both fruit and vegetable intakes were inversely associated with plasma CRP concentrations. After statistical control for age, body mass index, and waist circumference, mean plasma CRP concentrations across increasing quintile categories of fruit intakes were 1.94, 1.79, 1.65, 1.61, and 1.56 mg/L and of vegetable intakes were 2.03, 1.82, 1.58, 1.52, and 1.47 mg/L (P for trend < 0.01 for both). These inverse associations remained significant after additional control for other potential confounding variables and dietary factors. After control for potential confounders, persons in the highest quintile of fruit intake had a 34% (95% CI: 20%, 46%) lower and those in the highest quintile of vegetables intake had a 30% (95% CI: 16%, 39%) lower chance of having the metabolic syndrome than did those in the lowest quintiles. Higher intakes of fruit and vegetables are associated with a lower risk of the metabolic syndrome; the lower risk may be the result of lower CRP concentrations. These findings support current dietary recommendations to increase daily intakes of fruit and vegetables as a primary preventive measure against cardiovascular disease.
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            Why whole grains are protective: biological mechanisms.

            Epidemiological studies find that whole-grain intake is protective against cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. Potential mechanisms for this protection are diverse since whole grains are rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. First, whole grains are concentrated sources of dietary fibre, resistant starch and oligosaccharides, carbohydrates that escape digestion in the small intestine and are fermented in the gut, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). SCFA lower colonic pH, serve as an energy source for the colonocytes and may alter blood lipids. These improvements in the gut environment may provide immune protection beyond the gut. Second, whole grains are rich in antioxidants, including trace minerals and phenolic compounds, and these compounds have been linked to disease prevention. Additionally, whole grains mediate insulin and glucose responses. Although lower glycaemic load and glycaemic index have been linked to diabetes and obesity, risk of cancers such as colon and breast cancer have also been linked to high intake of readily-available carbohydrate. Finally, whole grains contain many other compounds that may protect against chronic disease. These compounds include phytate, phyto-oestrogens such as lignan, plant stanols and sterols, and vitamins and minerals. As a consequence of the traditional models of conducting nutrition studies on isolated nutrients, few studies exist on the biological effects of increased whole-grain intake. The few whole-grain feeding studies that are available show improvements in biomarkers with whole-grain consumption, such as weight loss, blood lipid improvement and antioxidant protection.
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              The metabolic syndrome and antioxidant concentrations: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

              Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but little is known about antioxidant status among individuals with the metabolic syndrome who are at high risk for developing these conditions. Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), we compared circulating concentrations of vitamins A, C, and E; retinyl esters; five carotenoids; and selenium in 8,808 U.S. adults aged > or = 20 years with and without the metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for age, sex, race or ethnicity, education, smoking status, cotinine concentration, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and vitamin or mineral use, participants with the metabolic syndrome had significantly lower concentrations of retinyl esters, vitamin C, and carotenoids, except lycopene. With additional adjustment for serum lipid concentrations, vitamin E concentrations were significantly lower in participants with the metabolic syndrome than those without the syndrome. Retinol concentrations were similar between the two groups. After excluding participants with diabetes, the results were very similar. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was also lower among people with the metabolic syndrome. Adults with the metabolic syndrome have suboptimal concentrations of several antioxidants, which may partially explain their increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                alan
                Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición
                ALAN
                Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición (Caracas )
                0004-0622
                June 2010
                : 60
                : 2
                : 148-154
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Public Health, Botucatu School of Medicine Brazil
                Article
                S0004-06222010000200006
                1019afff-539b-4ca9-ac90-90faf0c17f55

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-0622&lng=en
                Categories
                NUTRITION & DIETETICS

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                dietary components,Dislipidemia,composición corporal,componentes de la dieta,Dyslipidemia,body composition

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