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      Social cognition mediates the impact of processing speed and sustained attention on global functioning in schizophrenia Translated title: La Cognición social media el impacto de la velocidad de procesamiento y la atención sostenida sobre el funcionamiento global en esquizofrenia

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: Deficits in information processing, sustained attention and social cognition have important implications for the daily functioning of people with schizophrenia. The present study analyzed the relationship between processing speed, sustained attention, social cognition, and functioning in clinically stable people with schizophrenia. Method: Ninety people with schizophrenia and 100 healthy controls completed a battery of measures to assess clinical symptoms, processing speed, sustained attention, social cognition, and functioning. GLMMs and SEM were used to assess the relationships between these variables. Results: People with schizophrenia had impaired performance in all cognitive outcomes compared to healthy controls. Processing speed and sustained attention, together in a latent variable, had a strong effect on functioning (Beta = 0.32; p < .05). However, social cognition had also a strong effect on functioning (Beta = 0.29; p <.001) in the mediation model, which exhibited better indices of fit than the model including neurocognition alone (e.g. RMSEAbasic = 0.131 and RMSEAmediator = 0.054). Conclusions: The mediating effect of social cognition on the relationship between processing speed, sustained attention, and functioning in people with schizophrenia suggests the importance of including both domains of neurocognition along with social cognition as treatment targets in rehabilitation interventions to optimize improvements in functioning in schizophrenia.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: Los déficits en el procesamiento de la información, la atención sostenida y la cognición social tienen implicaciones importantes para el funcionamiento diario de las personas con esquizofrenia. El presente estudio analizó la relación entre velocidad de procesamiento, atención sostenida, cognición social y funcionamiento en personas clínicamente estables con esquizofrenia. Método: Noventa personas con esquizofrenia y 100 controles sanos completaron una batería de pruebas para evaluar síntomas clínicos, velocidad de procesamiento, atención sostenida, cognición social y funcionamiento. Se utilizaron GLMM y SEM para evaluar las relaciones entre variables. Resultados: Las personas con esquizofrenia tuvieron un peor rendimiento en todos los resultados cognitivos. La velocidad de procesamiento y la atención sostenida, juntas en una variable latente, tuvieron un fuerte efecto sobre el funcionamiento (Beta = 0,32; p < 0,05). La cognición social también tuvo un fuerte efecto sobre el funcionamiento (Beta = 0,29; p < 0,001) en el modelo de mediación, que mostró mejores índices de ajuste que el modelo que incluía solo neurocognición (e.g. RMSEAbasic = 0.131 y RMSEAmediator = 0.054). Conclusiones: El efecto mediador de la cognición social sobre la relación entre la velocidad de procesamiento, la atención sostenida y el funcionamiento sugiere la importancia de incluir ambos dominios junto con la cognición social como objetivos de tratamiento en las intervenciones de rehabilitación.

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          The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, part 1: test selection, reliability, and validity.

          The lack of an accepted standard for measuring cognitive change in schizophrenia has been a major obstacle to regulatory approval of cognition-enhancing treatments. A primary mandate of the National Institute of Mental Health's Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) initiative was to develop a consensus cognitive battery for clinical trials of cognition-enhancing treatments for schizophrenia through a broadly based scientific evaluation of measures. The MATRICS Neurocognition Committee evaluated more than 90 tests in seven cognitive domains to identify the 36 most promising measures. A separate expert panel evaluated the degree to which each test met specific selection criteria. Twenty tests were selected as a beta battery. The beta battery was administered to 176 individuals with schizophrenia and readministered to 167 of them 4 weeks later so that the 20 tests could be compared directly. The expert panel ratings are presented for the initially selected 36 tests. For the beta battery tests, data on test-retest reliability, practice effects, relationships to functional status, practicality, and tolerability are presented. Based on these data, 10 tests were selected to represent seven cognitive domains in the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. The structured consensus method was a feasible and fair mechanism for choosing candidate tests, and direct comparison of beta battery tests in a common sample allowed selection of a final consensus battery. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery is expected to be the standard tool for assessing cognitive change in clinical trials of cognition-enhancing drugs for schizophrenia. It may also aid evaluation of cognitive remediation strategies.
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            The relationship between neurocognition and social cognition with functional outcomes in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.

            The current systematic review and meta-analysis provides an extended and comprehensive overview of the associations between neurocognitive and social cognitive functioning and different types of functional outcome. Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE and PsycINFO and reference lists from identified articles to retrieve relevant studies on cross-sectional associations between neurocognition, social cognition and functional outcome in individuals with non-affective psychosis. Of 285 studies identified, 52 studies comprising 2692 subjects met all inclusion criteria. Pearson correlations between cognition and outcome, demographic data, sample sizes and potential moderator variables were extracted. Forty-eight independent meta-analyses, on associations between 12 a priori identified neurocognitive and social cognitive domains and 4 domains of functional outcome yielded a number of 25 significant mean correlations. Overall, social cognition was more strongly associated with community functioning than neurocognition, with the strongest associations being between theory of mind and functional outcomes. However, as three-quarters of variance in outcome were left unexplained, cognitive remediation approaches need to be combined with therapies targeting other factors impacting on outcome. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Development, reliability and acceptability of a new version of the DSM-IV Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) to assess routine social functioning.

              Development of a scale to assess patients' social functioning, the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP). PSP has been developed through focus groups and reliability studies on the basis of the social functioning component of the DSM-IV Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). The last reliability study was carried out by 39 workers with different professional roles on a sample of 61 psychiatric patients admitted to the rehabilitation unit. Each patient was rated independently on the scale by the two workers who knew them best. The PSP is a 100-point single-item rating scale, subdivided into 10 equal intervals. The ratings are based mainly on the assessment of patient's functioning in four main areas: 1) socially useful activities; 2) personal and social relationships; 3) self-care; and 4) disturbing and aggressive behaviours. Operational criteria to rate the levels of disabilities have been defined for the above-mentioned areas. Excellent inter-rater reliability was also obtained in less educated workers. Compared to SOFAS, PSP has better face validity and psychometric properties. It was found to be an acceptable, quick and valid measure of patients' personal and social functioning.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                psicothema
                Psicothema
                Psicothema
                Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias (Oviedo, Asturias, Spain )
                0214-9915
                1886-144X
                2023
                : 35
                : 1
                : 87-97
                Affiliations
                [4] orgnameDurham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
                [6] orgnamePrince of Asturias University Hospital
                [3] orgnamePrince of Asturias University Hospital
                [1] orgnameLaredo Hospital
                [2] orgnameMadrid Open University
                [5] orgnameInstitute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital
                Article
                S1886-144X2023000100010 S1886-144X(23)03500100010
                10.7334/psicothema2022.8
                36695854
                10709820-3efd-40d1-b0e9-cdaf316c0030

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 July 2022
                : 05 January 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 79, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Articles

                schizophrenia,Processing speed,sustained attention,social cognition,psychosis,Velocidad de procesamiento,atención sostenida,cognición social,esquizofrenia,psicosis

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