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      Coeliac disease: clinical features in adult populations Translated title: Enfermedad celiaca: formas de presentación en el adulto

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          Abstract

          Introduction: coeliac disease (CD) is a chronic disease of the small intestine, which is caused by gluten intolerance, producing malabsorption of nutrients and vitamins. Clinical manifestations of CD in adults are highly variable, including intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms. The disease may also occur in individuals who are asymptomatic. Objective: our objective is to describe the incidence and clinical manifestations of CD in adults. Material and methods: a retrospective study was carried out in patients diagnosed of CD between January 1990 and December 2008. Diagnosis was based on serologic tests and duodenal biopsy, which were compatible with CD in all of them. Results: sixty eight adult patients were diagnosed of CD in this period. Mean age was 33 (18-65) years and 50 (74%) were women. The clinical manifestations were diarrhoea in 38 (55%), abdominal pain in 27 (40%), loss of weight in 15 (22%), dyspepsia in 13 (19%). Analytical results showed a slight increase of transaminases in 26 (38%), ferropenic anaemia in 33 (48.5%) cases, sub-clinical hypothyroidism in 3 (4.5%) patients, and folic acid deficiency in 16 (23.5%) cases. Almost all patients were diagnosed between 2000 and 2008: 60 (87%). Population-based incidence of CD in adults had increased from 0.7-2/100,000 per year in the nineties to 3.5-10.3/100,000 in the last years. Conclusions: CD can appear at any age and with a wide manifestation spectrum, which can be atypical in some cases. Patients with ferropenic anaemia and a negative response to treatment or those with an unexplained increase in transaminases should be screening for CD. Atypical manifestations and low suspect index can delay diagnosis even during years. There is a marked increase in the incidence-rates of CD in adults over time.

          Translated abstract

          Introducción: la enfermedad celiaca (EC) es una enfermedad crónica que afecta al intestino delgado, causada por intolerancia al gluten cuyas manifestaciones clínicas son muy variables incluyendo síntomas extraintestinales y formas asintomáticas. Objetivo: nuestro objetivo es describir la incidencia y manifestaciones clínicas de la EC del adulto. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes mayores de 18 años diagnosticados de EC entre enero-1990 y diciembre-2008 mediante test serológicos y biopsia duodenal. Resultados: se incluyeron 68 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 33 años (18-65); 50 (74%) mujeres. Las manifestaciones clínicas fueron: diarrea en 38 (55%), dolor abdominal en 27 (40%), pérdida de peso en 15 (22%), dispepsia en 13 (19%) y 3 dermatitis herpetiforme. Los principales datos analíticos fueron: aumento de transaminasas en 26 (38%), anemia ferropénica en 33 (48,5%), hipotiroidismo subclínico en 3 (4,5%) y déficit de ácido fólico en 16 (23,5%) casos. Casi todos los pacientes han sido diagnosticados entre los años 2000 y 2008: 60 (87%). La incidencia de EC en adultos ha aumentado desde 0,7-2/100.000 habitantes por año en la década de los 90 hasta 10,3/100.000 habitantes por año en 2008. Conclusiones: la EC puede aparecer a cualquier edad con un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas, las cuales pueden ser atípicas en muchos casos. En aquellos pacientes con anemia ferropénica y respuesta negativa al tratamiento o con elevación inexplicable de transaminasas se debe realizar cribado para EC. Las manifestaciones atípicas y un bajo índice de sospecha, pueden retrasar el diagnóstico durante años. Existe un aumento marcado en la incidencia de EC en los adultos en los últimos años.

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          Most cited references69

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          Epidemiology and Estimated Population Burden of Selected Autoimmune Diseases in the United States

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            Prevalence of celiac disease in at-risk and not-at-risk groups in the United States: a large multicenter study.

            Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathic condition triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by the ingestion of gluten. Although common in Europe, CD is thought to be rare in the United States, where there are no large epidemiologic studies of its prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CD in at-risk and not-at-risk groups in the United States. Serum antigliadin antibodies and anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA) were measured. In EMA-positive subjects, human tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies and CD-associated human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes were determined. Intestinal biopsy was recommended and performed whenever possible for all EMA-positive subjects. A total of 13 145 subjects were screened: 4508 first-degree and 1275 second-degree relatives of patients with biopsy-proven CD, 3236 symptomatic patients (with either gastrointestinal symptoms or a disorder associated with CD), and 4126 not-at-risk individuals. In at-risk groups, the prevalence of CD was 1:22 in first-degree relatives, 1:39 in second-degree relatives, and 1:56 in symptomatic patients. The overall prevalence of CD in not-at-risk groups was 1:133. All the EMA-positive subjects who underwent intestinal biopsy had lesions consistent with CD. Our results suggest that CD occurs frequently not only in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, but also in first- and second-degree relatives and patients with numerous common disorders even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms. The prevalence of CD in symptomatic patients and not-at-risk subjects was similar to that reported in Europe. Celiac disease appears to be a more common but neglected disorder than has generally been recognized in the United States.
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              American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute technical review on the diagnosis and management of celiac disease.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                diges
                Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas
                Rev. esp. enferm. dig.
                Sociedad Española de Patología Digestiva (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1130-0108
                August 2010
                : 102
                : 8
                : 466-471
                Affiliations
                [02] Vigo orgnameHospital POVISA orgdiv1Service of Internal Medicine Spain
                [01] orgnameHospital POVISA orgdiv1Service of Digestive Diseases
                Article
                S1130-01082010000800002
                10.4321/s1130-01082010000800002
                20670066
                11a87836-3970-4e99-b072-02b1d8c8fd7a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 February 2010
                : 14 December 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Enfermedad celiaca,Incidencia,Anticuerpos antitransglutaminasa,Dieta sin gluten,Enfermedades autoinmunes,Coeliac disease,Incidence,Anti-transglutaminase antibodies,Gluten-free diet,Autoimmune disorders

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