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      Aspectos psicosociales del paciente en diálisis. Una revisión bibliográfica Translated title: Psychosocial aspects of the dialysis patient. A literature review

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica es una patología progresiva e infradiagnosticada en sus primeros estadios y que va a necesitar un tratamiento renal sustitutivo en estadios avanzados, siendo el más utilizado la diálisis. Esto va a provocar un fuerte impacto en el bienestar psicosocial de los pacientes, con repercusión en su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Conocer la evidencia científica existente acerca de los factores psicosociales asociados a los pacientes sometidos a diálisis. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada basada en la declaración PRISMA, en las bases de datos Pubmed, Proquest y Scielo. Para ello, se utilizaron una serie de estrategias de búsqueda en las que se utilizaron los siguientes términos Mesh: “Hemodyalisis”, “Peritoneal dyalisis”, “Factors psychosocial”, “Psychosocial cares”. La búsqueda se restringió a 5 años. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 28 artículos. Todos fueron de diseño observacional descriptivo, menos un ensayo controlado aleatorizado. De esta revisión emergieron como variables importantes: alteración del estado emocional, afrontamiento, situación laboral, depresión y ansiedad, apoyo social y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Conclusiones: Los principales aspectos psicosociales asociados a los pacientes en diálisis fueron la depresión y ansiedad, el apoyo social, la alteración del estado emocional, situación laboral y afrontamiento; siendo los más prevalentes la depresión y la ansiedad. La situación laboral y la depresión y ansiedad, se relacionan con una peor calidad de vida, mientras que la presencia de apoyo social y el estilo de afrontamiento de “evitación” mejoran la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is in the early stages a progressive and underdiagnosed pathology, and in advanced stages it requires renal replacement therapy, dialysis being the most commonly used. Consequently, this has a strong impact on the psychosocial wellbeing of patients, with repercussions on their quality of life. Objective: To identify the scientific evidence on psychosocial factors associated with dialysis patients. Methodology: A systematised literature review based on the PRISMA statement was carried out in the Pubmed, Proquest and Scielo databases. For this purpose, a series of search strategies were used in which the following MeSH terms were used: “Hemodialysis”, “Peritoneal dialysis”, “Psychosocial factors”, “Psychosocial cares”. The search was limited to 5 years. Results: Twenty-eight articles were selected. All except one randomised controlled trial had a descriptive observational design. Several variables emerged as important: altered emotional state, coping, work situation, depression and anxiety, social support and health-related quality of life. Conclusions: The main psychosocial aspects associated with dialysis patients were mostly depression and anxiety, and to a lesser extent social support, altered emotional state, work situation and coping. Work situation, depression and anxiety are related to a poorer quality of life, while the presence of social support and the “avoidance” coping style improve the patient’s quality of life.

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          Most cited references52

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          Declaración de la Iniciativa STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology): directrices para la comunicación de estudios observacionales

          Gran parte de la investigación biomédica es de tipo observacional, pero la información difundida sobre esas investigaciones es a menudo insuficiente, lo que dificulta la evaluación de sus puntos fuertes y débiles para la generalización de sus conclusiones. En el marco de la iniciativa STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology), se formularon recomendaciones sobre lo que debería contener una notificación precisa de un estudio observacional. Decidimos limitar el alcance de las recomendaciones a tres grandes modalidades de estudio: de cohortes, de casos y controles, y transversales. En septiembre de 2004 organizamos un taller de 2 días con metodólogos, investigadores y editores de revistas para elaborar una lista de verificación de distintos puntos. Esta lista fue revisada posteriormente en varias reuniones del grupo de coordinación y en discusiones mantenidas por correo electrónico con los principales participantes en STROBE, teniendo en cuenta la evidencia empírica y diversas consideraciones metodológicas. El taller y el posterior proceso iterativo de consulta y revisión desembocaron en una lista de verificación de 22 puntos (la declaración STROBE) que guardan relación con el título, el resumen, la introducción y las secciones de métodos, resultados y discusión de los artículos. Dieciocho puntos son comunes a las 3 modalidades de estudio, y 4 se refieren específicamente a los estudios de cohortes, de casos y controles o transversales. Se ha publicado separadamente un documento de explicación y elaboración al que puede accederse libremente en los sitios web de PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine y Epidemiology. Esperamos que la declaración STROBE contribuya a mejorar la calidad de la publicación de los estudios observacionales.
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            The associations of social support and other psychosocial factors with mortality and quality of life in the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study.

            This study aimed to investigate the influence of social support and other psychosocial factors on mortality, adherence to medical care recommendations, and physical quality of life among hemodialysis patients. Data on 32,332 hemodialysis patients enrolled in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (1996 to 2008) in 12 countries were analyzed. Social support and other psychosocial factors related to ESRD and its treatment were measured by patient self-reports of health interference with social activities, isolation, feeling like a burden, and support from family and dialysis staff. Cox regression and logistic regression were used to examine associations of baseline social support and other psychosocial factors with all-cause mortality and with other measured outcomes at baseline, adjusting for potential confounders. Mortality was higher among patients reporting that their health interfered with social activities, were isolated, felt like a burden, and were dissatisfied with family support. Poorer family support and several psychosocial measures also were associated with lower adherence to the prescribed hemodialysis length and the recommended weight gain between sessions. Some international differences were observed. Poorer self-reported social support and other psychosocial factors were associated with poor physical quality of life. Poorer social support and other psychosocial factors are associated with higher mortality risk, lower adherence to medical care, and poorer physical quality of life in hemodialysis patients. More research is needed to assess whether interventions to improve social support and other psychosocial factors will lengthen survival and enhance quality of life.
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              Prevalence and predictors of depression among hemodialysis patients: a prospective follow-up study

              Background Even though depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, it is under-recognized in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Existing literature does not provide enough information on evaluation of predictors of depression among HD patients. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression among HD patients. Methods A multicenter prospective follow-up study. All eligible confirmed hypertensive HD patients who were consecutively enrolled for treatment at the study sites were included in the current study. HADS questionnaire was used to assess the depression level among study participants. Patients with physical and/or cognitive limitations that prevent them from being able to answer questions were excluded. Results Two hundred twenty patients were judged eligible and completed questionnaire at the baseline visit. Subsequently, 216 and 213 patients completed questionnaire on second and final follow up respectively. The prevalence of depression among patients at baseline, 2nd visit and final visit was 71.3, 78.2 and 84.9% respectively. The results of regression analysis showed that treatment given to patients at non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) running HD centers (OR = 0.347, p-value = 0.039) had statistically significant association with prevalence of depression at final visit. Conclusions Depression was prevalent in the current study participants. Negative association observed between depression and hemodialysis therapy at NGO’s running centers signifies patients’ satisfaction and better depression management practices at these centers.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                enefro
                Enfermería Nefrológica
                Enferm Nefrol
                Sociedad Española de Enfermería Nefrológica (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                2254-2884
                2255-3517
                September 2022
                : 25
                : 3
                : 216-227
                Affiliations
                [1] Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermería orgdiv2Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería Spain
                [2] orgnameHospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba orgdiv1Servicio de Nefrología España
                [3] orgnameInstituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba España
                Article
                S2254-28842022000300003 S2254-2884(22)02500300003
                10.37551/52254-28842022022
                11aa3cad-e568-4d89-928c-1ad7d55d64ca

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 July 2022
                : 30 August 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 12
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                diálisis,quality of life,psychosocial factors,hemodialysis,dialysis,calidad de vida,factores psicosociales,hemodiálisis

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