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      ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TENSION WOOD IN Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg. Translated title: CARACTERIZAÇÃO ANATÔMICA DO LENHO DE TRAÇÃO EM Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg.

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Tension wood is an important anatomical structure for its participation in the orientation of the trunk and the architecture of the branches as a function of structural reinforcement. However, its presence in large amounts significantly affects the technological properties of wood, just as in the rubber tree. Nevertheless, there is still demand for information about the origin, distribution and structural features in this species. Thus, this study aims to characterize the cellular structures in tension and opposite wood in Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree), as well as its radial and longitudinal distribution. Discs at the base and the middle of the commercial logs were collected from three trees in a commercial plantation located in Tabapoã - SP. Tangential diameter of vessels, fiber length (gelatinous and non-gelatinous fibers), microfibril angle and proportionality of cellular elements (vessels, axial parenchyma, ray, gelatinous fibers and non-gelatinous fibers) were measured, and influence of gelatinous fiber presence in vessel diameter was observed. Gelatinous fibers were observed in the two types of wood and in the two trunk heights. Both types of wood were distinguished by gelatinous fiber length and the proportion of axial parenchyma. The tension wood in mid-trunk was the most different, with long gelatinous fibers and less abundant, larger vessel diameter and vessel proportion. Moreover, smaller vessel diameter was observed in the regions with a high proportion of gelatinous fibers, suggesting that the plant invests more support than in liquid transport.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O lenho de tração é uma estrutura anatômica importante, que permite a reorientação do tronco e participa na arquitetura dos ramos, tendo a função de reforço estrutural. Contudo, sua presença em grande quantidade afeta significativamente as propriedades tecnológicas da madeira, como no caso da seringueira. Entretanto, ainda há demanda de informações acerca de sua origem, distribuição e características estruturais nessa espécie. Portanto, esse trabalho objetivou caracterizar as estruturas celulares no lenho de tração e lenho oposto em Hevea brasiliensis (seringueira) e sua distribuição radial e longitudinal. Para tanto, discos da base e do meio do fuste comercial foram coletados de três árvores provenientes de um plantio comercial localizado em Tabapoã - SP. Foram mensurados o diâmetro tangencial dos elementos de vaso, comprimento de fibras (gelatinosas e não-gelatinosas), ângulo microfibrilar e proporcionalidade de elementos celulares, e a relação entre a presença de fibras gelatinosas e o diâmetro de vasos. Foram observadas fibras gelatinosas nos dois tipos de lenho e nas duas alturas do fuste avaliadas. Os dois tipos de lenho foram diferenciados pelo comprimento de fibras gelatinosas e a proporção de parênquima axial. A região de tração no meio do fuste foi a que mais se diferenciou das demais, com fibras gelatinosas mais compridas e menos abundante, maiores diâmetro e proporção de vasos.Além disso, foi observado menor diâmetro de vasos nas regiões com alta proporção de fibras gelatinosas, sugerindo que a planta investe mais em sustentação que na condução de líquidos.

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          Bemerkungen zur Doppelfärbung Astrablau-Safranin

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            Wood formation in Angiosperms.

            Wood formation is a complex biological process, involving five major developmental steps, including (1) cell division from a secondary meristem called the vascular cambium, (2) cell expansion (cell elongation and radial enlargement), (3) secondary cell wall deposition, (4) programmed cell death, and (5) heartwood formation. Thanks to the development of genomic studies in woody species, as well as genetic engineering, recent progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying wood formation. In this review, we will focus on two different aspects, the lignification process and the control of microfibril angle in the cell wall of wood fibres, as they are both key features of wood material properties. Copyright (c) 2010 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
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              Variação radial da densidade básica em estrutura anatômica da madeira do Eucalyptus globulus, E. pellita e E. acmenioides

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rarv
                Revista Árvore
                Rev. Árvore
                Sociedade de Investigações Florestais (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                1806-9088
                December 2016
                : 40
                : 6
                : 1099-1107
                Affiliations
                [2] Seropédica Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Instituto de Florestas orgdiv2Departamento de Produtos Florestais Brazil latorraca@ 123456hotmail.com
                [1] Seropédica Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Florestais Brazil leticiaalves.ramos@ 123456hotmail.com
                [3] Seropédica Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Engenharia Florestal Brazil neto.thayannegmail.com, lelesmartins@ 123456hotmail.com
                [4] Botucatu São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho orgdiv1Departamento de Ciência Florestal Brazil severo@ 123456fca.unesp.br
                Article
                S0100-67622016000601099
                10.1590/0100-67622016000600016
                12375908-90af-4d4c-a5a6-1f13f0cde412

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 April 2016
                : 26 September 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Lenho de reação,Seringueira,Fibras gelatinosas,Tension wood,Rubber tree,G-fibers

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