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      Producción de ácido jasmónico por fermentación líquida con cepas de Botryodiplodia theobromae nativas del sureste mexicano Translated title: Jasmonic acid production via liquid fermentation with Botryodiplodia theobromae strains natives to southeast mexico

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          Abstract

          Resumen El ácido jasmónico (AJ) es una hormona endógena reguladora del crecimiento de plantas en las especies vegetales. Interviene en senescencia y resistencia y lo produce la planta después del daño ocasionado por microorganismos o insectos patógenos. Una alternativa para su producción es usar microorganismos y el más usado es Botryodiplodia theobromae. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la producción de AJ mediante fermentación líquida con cepas de B. theobromae, aisladas de zonas tropicales del sureste de México. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar y evaluamos la capacidad de producción de AJ de cada cepa.Los datos se analizaron con ANDEVA y las medias se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p≤0.05) para lo cual se usó el programa SAS. Un estudio cinético de producción se desarrolló con la cepa más productora de AJ mediante evaluación de pH, consumo de sustrato, biomasa y producción de AJ. Veinte cepas de B. theobromae se aislaron desde cacao, maracuyá, mango, coco y papaya en campos experimentales de los estados de Veracruz y Tabasco, México. Cinco de esas cepas produjeron AJ y el metabolito inicio su producción desde el día 10 de bioreacción. Así, se mostró que el hongo fitopatógeno de zonas tropicales B. theobromae puede producir AJ en un sistema de fermentación líquida.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Jasmonic acid (JA) is an endogenous plant growth-regulating hormone found in plant species. It is involved in functions such as senescence and resistance. Plants produce these after damage due to pathogenic microorganisms or insects. An alternative for its production is to use microorganisms, the most used is Botryodiplodia theobromae. The objective of our study was to evaluate the JA production via liquid fermentation with B. theobromae strains, isolated from tropical areas of southeastern Mexico. The experimental design was completely random; the evaluated variable was the JA production capacity for each strain. The data were analyzed with the ANDEVA, and the means compared by the Tukey test (p≤0.05), for which we used the SAS statistical software. Likewise, we developed a kinetic production study with the most JA producing strain through pH, substrate consumption, biomass, and JA production. Twenty B. theobromae strains were isolated from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), passion fruit (Passiflora edulis L.), mango (Mangifera indica L.), coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and papaya (Carica papaya L.) in experimental fields at Veracruz and Tabasco, Mexico. Five of these strains produced JA. Metabolites started to be produced from day ten of the bioreaction. Thus, we show that the phytopathogenic fungus of tropic B. theobromae can produce JA in a liquid fermentation system.

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          Endogenous plant hormones of the broad bean, Vicia faba L. (-)-jasmonic acid, a plant growth inhibitor in pericarp.

          (-)-Jasmonic acid was identified as a plant growth inhibitor of the pericarp of Vicia faba by means of gas-liquid chromatography, high resolution mass spectrometry, (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR), and (13)C-NMR. Additionally, the pericarp contains very small amounts of abscisic acid (ABA) and 4'-dihydrophaseic acid. The highest level of jasmonic acid was reached prior to full pericarp length. This amount (3 μg g(-1) fresh weight) is similar to the maximal ABA content in the developing seed. Jasmonic acid is a plant growth inhibitor possessing a relative activity in the wheat seedling bioassay of 1-2.5%, compared to ABA. Contrary to ABA, jasmonic acid does not cause retardation of leaf emergence. The possible physiological role of jasmonic acid in the pericarp is discussed and compared with the assumed function of ABA in developing seeds.
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            How Microbes Twist Jasmonate Signaling around Their Little Fingers

            Plant immunity relies on a complex network of hormone signaling pathways in which jasmonic acid (JA) plays a central role. Successful microbial pathogens or symbionts have developed strategies to manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to cause hormonal imbalances for their own benefit. These strategies include the production of plant hormones, phytohormone mimics, or effector proteins that target host components to disrupt hormonal signaling pathways and enhance virulence. Here, we describe the molecular details of the most recent and best-characterized examples of specific JA hormonal manipulation by microbes, which exemplify the ingenious ways by which pathogens can take control over the plant’s hormone signaling network to suppress host immunity.
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              Host perception of jasmonates promotes infection by Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales that produce isoleucine- and leucine-conjugated jasmonates.

              Three pathogenic forms, or formae speciales (f. spp.), of Fusarium oxysporum infect the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana below ground, instigating symptoms of wilt disease in leaves above ground. In previous reports, Arabidopsis mutants that are deficient in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid or salicylic acid or insensitive to ethylene or jasmonates exhibited either more or less wilt disease, than the wild-type, implicating the involvement of hormones in the normal host response to F. oxysporum. Our analysis of hormone-related mutants finds no evidence that endogenous hormones contribute to infection in roots. Mutants that are deficient in abscisic acid and insensitive to ethylene show no less infection than the wild-type, although they exhibit less disease. Whether a mutant that is insensitive to jasmonates affects infection depends on which forma specialis (f. sp.) is infecting the roots. Insensitivity to jasmonates suppresses infection by F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans and F. oxysporum f. sp. matthioli, which produce isoleucine- and leucine-conjugated jasmonate (JA-Ile/Leu), respectively, in culture filtrates, whereas insensitivity to jasmonates has no effect on infection by F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani, which produces no detectable JA-Ile/Leu. Furthermore, insensitivity to jasmonates has no effect on wilt disease of tomato, and the tomato pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici produces no detectable jasmonates. Thus, some, but not all, F. oxysporum pathogens appear to utilize jasmonates as effectors, promoting infection in roots and/or the development of symptoms in shoots. Only when the infection of roots is promoted by jasmonates is wilt disease enhanced in a mutant deficient in salicylic acid biosynthesis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                agro
                Agrociencia
                Agrociencia
                Colegio de Postgraduados (México, DF, Mexico )
                1405-3195
                December 2017
                : 51
                : 8
                : 885-893
                Affiliations
                [3] Saltillo Coahuila orgnameCentro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Mexico lourdes.guillen@ 123456ciqa.edu.mx
                [1] Buena Vista orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro orgdiv1Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola Mexico elan_laredo@ 123456hotmail.com
                [2] Saltillo Coahuila orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Coahuila orgdiv1Cuerpo Académico de Nanobiociencia de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Mexico jose-martinez@ 123456uadec.edu.mx
                Article
                S1405-31952017000800885
                123ecb39-aa49-4c8d-b335-4465cdd12289

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : July 2016
                : May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Mexico


                bioproduction,fitohormona,metabolitos secundarios,jasmonatos,bioproducción,Botryodiplodia theobromae,phytohormone,secondary metabolites,jasmonates

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