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      Efectividad de un nuevo régimen simplificado en la erradicación de Helicobacter pylori. Estudio prospectivo realizado en una clínica privada de Lima Metropolitana Translated title: New simplified regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication achieves high effectiveness. Prospective study in a private clinic in Lima, Peru

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de dos nuevos esquemas para el tratamiento de Helicobacter pylori frente al esquema triple convencional de amoxilina, claritromicina y un inhibidor de bomba de protones. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, no aleatorio, realizado en una clínica privada de Lima, Perú. Los pacientes con infección por Helicobacter demostrada por endoscopia con biopsia y/o test de la ureasa, recibieron uno de tres tratamientos en estudio y fueron examinados mediante el test del aliento con urea C14, entre 1 y 6 meses después. Resultados: El tratamiento triple convencional solo logró la erradicación en 49/68 casos (71,2%) y el cuádruple con doxiciclina, metronidazol, bismuto y esomeprazol lo hizo en 52/62 casos (83,9%) siendo esta diferencia no significativa (p>0,1). El esquema simplificado de doxiciclina, furazolidona y bismuto logró curar a 79/83 pacientes (95,2%) superando a los dos anteriores con valor significativo (p<0,005 y p<0,05 respectivamente). Conclusiones: El tratamiento triple convencional para Helicobacter no está alcanzando niveles aceptables de efectividad en nuestra institución. Esto enfatiza la necesidad de buscar nuevas alternativas; por lo que sería útil validar con nuevos estudios los buenos resultados logrados por el régimen Simplificado de doxiciclina, furazolidona y bismuto que aquí presentamos

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the effectiveness of two new therapeutic regimes for Helicobacter pylori versus triple therapy that includes a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Materials and methods: prospective study, non-randomized, in a private Hospital in Lima, Peru. Patients with biopsy and/or rapid ureasa test proven Helicobacter pylori infection received one of the three therapeutic regimens and were followed with a urea breath test 1 to 6 months upon completion of therapy. Results: Triple therapy achieved eradication in 49/68 of cases (71.2%); quadruple therapy (doxycycline + metronidazole + bismuth + esomeprazole) in 52/62 (83.9%), and the simplified regimen with doxycycline + furazolidone + bismuth, obtained success in 79/83 of cases (95.2%). Statistically significant difference with p<0.005 and p<0.05 respectively. Conclusion: Triple therapy against Hp does not achieve acceptable effectiveness in our institution. This highlights the need to look for new therapeutic options, being the simplified regime (doxycycline, furazolidone and bismuth) used in the current study a good option, requiring further studies for validation.

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          The problem of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics: a systematic review in Latin America.

          Latin America has a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and associated diseases, including gastric cancer. Antibiotic therapy can eradicate the bacterial infection and decrease associated morbidity and mortality. To tailor recommendations for optimal treatments, we summarized published literature and calculated region- and country-specific prevalences of antibiotic resistance. Searches of PubMed and regional databases for observational studies evaluating H. pylori antibiotic resistance yielded a total of 59 independent studies (56 in adults, 2 in children, and 1 in both groups) published up to October 2013 regarding H. pylori isolates collected between 1988 and 2011. Study-specific prevalences of primary resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics were summarized using random-effects models. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by meta-regression. As a sensitivity analysis, we extended our research to studies of patients with prior H. pylori-eradication therapy. Summary prevalences of antimicrobial primary resistance among adults varied by antibiotic, including 12% for clarithromycin (n=35 studies), 53% for metronidazole (n=34), 4% for amoxicillin (n=28), 6% for tetracycline (n=20), 3% for furazolidone (n=6), 15% for fluoroquinolones (n=5), and 8% for dual clarithromycin and metronidazole (n=10). Resistance prevalence varied significantly by country, but not by year of sample collection. Analyses including studies of patients with prior therapy yielded similar estimates. Pediatric reports were too few to be summarized by meta-analysis. Resistance to first-line anti-H. pylori antibiotics is high in Latin American populations. In some countries, the empirical use of clarithromycin without susceptibility testing may not be appropriate. These findings stress the need for appropriate surveillance programs, improved antimicrobial regulations, and increased public awareness.
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            14-day triple, 5-day concomitant, and 10-day sequential therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection in seven Latin American sites: a randomised trial.

            Evidence from Europe, Asia, and North America suggests that standard three-drug regimens of a proton-pump inhibitor plus amoxicillin and clarithromycin are significantly less effective for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection than are 5-day concomitant and 10-day sequential four-drug regimens that include a nitroimidazole. These four-drug regimens also entail fewer antibiotic doses than do three-drug regimens and thus could be suitable for eradication programmes in low-resource settings. Few studies in Latin America have been done, where the burden of H pylori-associated diseases is high. We therefore did a randomised trial in Latin America comparing the effectiveness of four-drug regimens given concomitantly or sequentially with that of a standard 14-day regimen of triple therapy. Between September, 2009, and June, 2010, we did a randomised trial of empiric 14-day triple, 5-day concomitant, and 10-day sequential therapies for H pylori in seven Latin American sites: Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Mexico (two sites). Participants aged 21-65 years who tested positive for H pylori by a urea breath test were randomly assigned by a central computer using a dynamic balancing procedure to: 14 days of lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin (standard therapy); 5 days of lansoprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole (concomitant therapy); or 5 days of lansoprazole and amoxicillin followed by 5 days of lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole (sequential therapy). Eradication was assessed by urea breath test 6-8 weeks after randomisation. The trial was not masked. Our primary outcome was probablity of H pylori eradication. Our analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number NCT01061437. 1463 participants aged 21-65 years were randomly allocated a treatment: 488 were treated with 14-day standard therapy, 489 with 5-day concomitant therapy, and 486 with 10-day sequential therapy. The probability of eradication with standard therapy was 82·2% (401 of 488), which was 8·6% higher (95% adjusted CI 2·6-14·5) than with concomitant therapy (73·6% [360 of 489]) and 5·6% higher (-0·04% to 11·6) than with sequential therapy (76·5% [372 of 486]). Neither four-drug regimen was significantly better than standard triple therapy in any of the seven sites. Standard 14-day triple-drug therapy is preferable to 5-day concomitant or 10-day sequential four-drug regimens as empiric therapy for H pylori infection in diverse Latin American populations. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, US National Institutes of Health. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Resistance to antibiotics and characterization of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from antrum and body from adults in Mexico.

              Resistance to antibiotics is common in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection in more than one anatomic stomach site. We assessed whether the antibiotic resistance varies according to virulence factors of the bacteria as well as to the age and gender of individuals infected in two anatomic sites. H. pylori strains were isolated from an antral and corpus biopsy from 90 patients with gastric ambulatory who had not received any previous therapy. Susceptibility to metronidazole and clarithromycin was assessed by E-test, and vacA and cagA genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Dual resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin was 3.3% in antrum and 4.4% in the corpus; heteroresistance was 19% and 5.5% for metronidazole and clarithromycin, respectively. Clarithromycin resistance significantly increased with age. Women showed a twofold increased risk for metronidazole-resistant strains in antrum (odds ratio = 2.85, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 7.42). Virulence factors were not associated with antimicrobial resistance. Prevalence of resistance to clarithromycin may be increasing in this country. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests from different biopsy sites deserve attention.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rgp
                Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú
                Rev. gastroenterol. Perú
                Sociedad de Gastroenterología del Perú (Lima, , Peru )
                1022-5129
                July 2017
                : 37
                : 3
                : 225-230
                Affiliations
                [02] Lima orgnameUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Perú
                [01] Lima orgnameClínica Ricardo Palma orgdiv1Servicio de Gastroenterología Perú
                Article
                S1022-51292017000300005
                127e6b94-75cd-4f43-8977-44e76f1dc74d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Peru


                Helicobacter pylori,Terapéutica,Erradicación de la enfermedad,Therapy,Disease eradication

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