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      The importance of early diagnosis of large lipomas in the maxillofacial region Translated title: Importancia del diagnóstico precoz de los lipomas de células grandes en la región maxilofacial

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          Abstract

          El lipoma es un tumor benigno compuesto por la proliferación de células adiposas maduras entremezcladas con el tejido conectivo fibroso, los vasos sanguíneos y/o músculos, delimitado por una fina cápsula. Aunque representa un neoplasma del mesénquima muy común del cuerpo humano, tiene raras ocurrencias en la cavidad bucal. Presenta variables clínicas e histopatológicas que no alteran su pronóstico. La patogénesis sigue siendo incierta aunque algunos autores consideran que los trastornos hereditarios y endocrinos son causas posibles. Ocurre con una mayor prevalencia en las personas obesas, aunque su metabolismo es totalmente independiente del metabolismo normal de los lípidos corporales. El diagnóstico clínico del lipoma bucal está relacionado con una masa nodular, blanda, asintomática, de superficie plana, sin ulceración y de crecimiento limitado. El continuo crecimiento de la lesión pudiera crear dificultad al masticar, al hablar, en la adaptación dental y cambio en la estética facial del paciente requiriendo la escisión de la lesión. Presentar una revisión de la literatura y de los casos clínicos de un estudio retrospectivo de 61 casos de lipomas diagnosticados en el servicio de patología entre 1978 y 2009 entre los 10 573 informes hechos durante ese mismo período. Se enfatizan los casos especiales de lipomas grandes de la región maxilofacial y la importancia del diagnóstico temprano de estas lesiones. Un cirujano dental debe ser capaz de diagnosticar los lipomas en una etapa temprana en el área maxilofacial para evitar un crecimiento masivo de estas lesiones.

          Translated abstract

          Lipoma is a benign tumor composed of proliferation of mature fat cells interspersed by fibrous connective tissue, blood vessels and muscles, delimited by a thin capsule. Although it represents a mesenchymal neoplasm most common human body, are rare occurrences in the oral cavity. Presents clinical and histopathological variables that do not alter their prognosis. The pathogenesis is still uncertain, although some authors consider heredity and endocrine disorders as possible causes. Occurs with greater prevalence in obese people, although their metabolism is completely independent of the normal body lipid metabolism. The clinical diagnosis of oral lipoma is the view of a nodular mass, soft, asymptomatic, flat surface, without ulceration and limited growth. The continuing growth of the lesion may cause difficulty in chewing, speech, dental adaptation and change in facial aesthetics of the patient, requiring surgical excision of the lesion. The final diagnosis is by histopathological examination. Aims to present a literature review and clinical cases of a retrospective study of 61 cases of lipomas diagnosed in pathological service between 1978 and 2009, among the 10 573 reports during that same period. It emphasizes the special cases of large lipomas of the maxillofacial region, and the importance of early diagnosis of these lesions. A dental surgeon should be able to diagnose lipomas in an early stage in the maxillofacial area avoiding a massive growth of these lesions.

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          Most cited references27

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          Lipomas of the oral cavity: clinical findings, histological classification and proliferative activity of 46 cases.

          Lipomas represent about 1 to 5% of all neoplasms of the oral cavity. Although relatively common, few large series of intraoral lipomas and its variants are seen in the literature. Therefore, the authors present the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of 46 cases of intraoral lipomas reviewed from the files of the University of Campinas Dental School from 1970 to 2001. Most of the cases affected adults, without gender predilection, and the main involved sites were the buccal mucosa (21 cases), tongue (six cases), lips (six cases) and floor of mouth (five cases). The histological analysis revealed 21 cases of lipoma, 18 fibrolipomas, four intramuscular lipomas, two minor salivary gland lipomas and one spindle cell lipoma. PCNA and ki-67 expression indexes were higher in spindle cell lipoma, intramuscular lipomas and fibrolipomas compared to common lipomas, but the differences were not statistically significant. All lesions were removed surgically and none showed recurrence, regardless of the various proliferative activities.
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            Lipoma of the oral and maxillofacial region: Site and subclassification of 125 cases.

            Lipomas and lipoma variants are common soft tissue tumors, but occur infrequently in the oral and maxillofacial region. In this study, we reviewed 125 lipomas in specific oral and maxillofacial locations. We wanted to examine and compare the clinicopathologic features of these tumors. Study design The records from the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Registry of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology from 1970 to the present were searched for cases coded as "lipoma." This study included 125 cases based on location within the oral and maxillofacial region, benign histology, and available clinical information. Subcutaneous and intraosseous lipomas were excluded. The tumors were classified according to the most recent World Heath Organization classification for soft tissue tumors. Of 125 lipomas, 91 tumors occurred in males, 33 in female patients, and 1 of unknown gender. The mean age was 51.9 years, range 9-92 years. Four tumors occurred in pediatric patients (age <18 years). Specific anatomic sites within the oral and maxillofacial region included the parotid region (n=30); buccal mucosa (n=29); lip (n=21); submandibular region (n=17); tongue (n=15); palate (n=6); floor of mouth (n=5); and vestibule (n=2). The mean size of tumors was 2.2 centimeters, range 0.5 to 8.0 centimeters. The mean duration of the tumors prior to excision was 3.2 years, range 6 weeks to 15 years. Most patients presented with an asymptomatic, circumscribed mass. Grossly, most tumors were described as pink and smooth, occasionally mucoid. Histologically, the tumors were subclassified as classic lipomas (n=62); spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomas (n=59); fibrolipoma (n=2), and chondroid lipoma (n=2). Fourteen tumors exhibited secondary changes, such as fat necrosis, atrophy, and prominent hyalinization; 23 tumors were histologically confirmed to be intramuscular. Lipomas of the oral and maxillofacial region occur most commonly in adult males in the parotid region, followed closely by the buccal mucosa. These tumors are uncommon in children. Interestingly, spindle cell lipomas are common in this region and comprise the majority of our parotid and lip tumors. Angiolipomas were absent in this anatomic region in this study. Secondary changes and atrophy should not be confused with the malignant histologic features of a liposarcoma.
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              Oral soft tissue lipomas: a case series.

              Lipomas are relatively uncommon tumours in the oral cavity; only 1% to 4% of cases occur at this site. In this study, we describe the clinical and histopathologic features of 6 cases of oral lipoma. Between 1997 and 2005, the files for all cases of oral lipoma at the oral pathology division, University of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, were retrieved for study. Clinical data were retrieved from patient records, and all cases were reviewed microscopically and classified. Of the 6 cases, 3 occurred in males and 3 in females; their mean age was 50.2 years (range: 28-78 years). Most cases affected the buccal mucosa and the mean size of the tumours was 3.0 cm (range: 1.5-5.0 cm). Microscopically, 4 cases were classified as lipoma, 1 as fibrolipoma and 1 as intramuscular or infiltrative lipoma. All cases had been treated by simple surgical excision and there had been no recurrence after a mean treatment time of 50.3 months (range: 8-72 months). Oral lipomas are uncommon tumours that predominantly affect the buccal mucosa and are associated with an excellent prognosis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                est
                Revista Cubana de Estomatología
                Rev Cubana Estomatol
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de La Habana )
                1561-297X
                March 2011
                : 48
                : 1
                : 77-83
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Brazil
                [2 ] Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Estadual Paulista Brazil
                Article
                S0034-75072011000100011
                12aa2b44-214b-4b05-b9b4-06eaf526e153

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7507&lng=en
                Categories
                DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

                Dentistry
                lipoma,oral surgery,diagnosis,Lipoma,cirugía bucal,diagnóstico
                Dentistry
                lipoma, oral surgery, diagnosis, Lipoma, cirugía bucal, diagnóstico

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