Prevalence of and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding among women with children aged < 24 months in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania: a community-based cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Background

Early initiation of breastfeeding offers nutritional and immunological benefits to the newborn, which is critical for health and survival. Understanding factors associated with timely initiation of breastfeeding is crucial for healthcare providers and policy-makers. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding among mothers with children < 24 months of age in the Kilimanjaro region, Northern Tanzania.

Methods

This study utilized secondary data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in April 2016 and April 2017 in the Kilimanjaro region. A multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants and interviewed using a questionnaire. A total of 1644 women with children aged < 24 months were analyzed. Modified Poisson regression models were used to determine factors independently associated with early initiation of breastfeeding, within first hour of life.

Results

The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding in the Kilimanjaro region was 70%, ranging from 64% in Same to 80% in Siha districts. The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was lower among women who initiated prelacteal feeding compared to their counterparts (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.42; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.34, 0.53). Likewise, women living in Same and Hai district had lower prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding compared to women in Rombo (PR 0.8; 95% CI 0.76, 0.93) and (PR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80, 0.98) respectively. Higher prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was found in women with primary education compared to those with secondary education (PR 1.09; 95% CI 1.003, 1.18), and among women with two children compared to one child (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03, 1.26).

Conclusions

Early initiation of breastfeeding practice was suboptimal in this study. To improve early initiation of breastfeeding, healthcare providers at reproductive and child health clinics and labour wards should discourage women from prelacteal feeding, give more support to women with one child and those with secondary level of education and above. Furthermore, a qualitative study is crucial to understand the reasons for low prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding in Same and Hai districts.

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Most cited references 15

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Early initiation of breastfeeding: a systematic literature review of factors and barriers in South Asia

Indu K. Sharma, Abbey Byrne (2016)

Background Early or timely initiation of breastfeeding is crucial in preventing newborn deaths and influences childhood nutrition however remains low in South Asia and the factors and barriers warrant greater consideration for improved action. This review synthesises the evidence on factors and barriers to initiation of breastfeeding within 1 h of birth in South Asia encompassing Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Methods Studies published between 1990 and 2013 were systematically reviewed through identification in Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Global Health, MEDLINE and Scopus databases. Twenty-five studies meeting inclusion criteria were included for review. Structured thematic analysis based on leading frameworks was undertaken to understand factors and barriers. Results Factors at geographical, socioeconomic, individual, and health-specific levels, such as residence, education, occupation, income, mother’s age and newborn’s gender, and ill health of mother and newborn at delivery, affect early or timely breastfeeding initiation in South Asia. Reported barriers impact through influence on acceptability by traditional feeding practices, priests’ advice, prelacteal feeding and discarding colostrum, mother-in-law’s opinion; availability and accessibility through lack of information, low access to media and health services, and misperception, support and milk insufficiency, involvement of mothers in decision making. Conclusions Whilst some barriers manifest similarly across the region some factors are context-specific thus tailored interventions are imperative. Initiatives halting factors and directed towards contextual barriers are required for greater impact on newborn survival and improved nutrition in the South Asia region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13006-016-0076-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Nigeria: a population-based study using the 2013 demograhic and health survey data

Anselm Berde, Siddika Songül Yalcin (2016)

Background Provision of mother’s breast milk to infants within one hour of birth is referred to as Early Initiation of Breast Feeding (EIBF) which is an important strategy to reduce perinatal and infant morbidities and mortality. This study aimed to use recent nationally representative survey data to identify individual, household and community level factors associated with EIBF and to update on previous knowlegde with regards to EIBF in Nigeria. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were used to test for association between EIBF and individual, household and community level factors. Result The proportion of infants who initiated breastfeeding within 1 h of birth was 34.7 % (95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 33.9–35.6). In the multivariate analysis, mothers who delivered in a health facility were more likely to initiate breastfeeding early as compared to mothers who delivered at home (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =1.40, 95 % CI = 1.22–1.60). The odds of EIBF was three times higher for mothers who had vaginal delivery as compared to mothers who had caesarean section (AOR = 3.08, 95 % CI = 2.14–4.46). Other factors that were significantly associated with increased likelihood of EIBF were; multiparity, large sized infant at birth, not working mothers as compared to mothers working in sales and other sectors, wealthier household index and urban residence. Mothers in the South West were less likely to inititiate breastfeeding within 1 h of birth as compared to the North West, however, the following geopolitical zones; North East, North Central, and South South had higher likelihood of EIBF when compared to the North West geopolitical zone. Conclusion EIBF in Nigeria is not optimal with just about 34.7 % of children initiating breastfeeding within one hour of birth, the results suggest that breastfeeding programmes and policies should give special attention to “rural mothers, working mothers, primiparous mothers, mothers with ceasarean deliveries, home deliveries and poor mothers” and this intervention should cut across geopolitical zones with more emphasis to zones with lower rates of EIBF.

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Breastfeeding practices and policies in WHO European Region Member States

Ayse Tulay Bagci Bosi, Kamilla Gehrt Eriksen, Tanja Sobko … (2015)

Objective To provide an update on current practices and policy development status concerning breastfeeding in the WHO European Region. Design National surveys and studies conducted by national health institutions were prioritized. Sub-national data were included where no national data or studies existed. Information on national breastfeeding policies was collected mainly from the WHO Seventh Meeting of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Coordinators and European Union projects. Owing to the different data sources and methods, any comparisons between countries must be made with caution. Setting WHO European Member States. Results Data from fifty-three WHO European Member States were investigated; however, a large proportion had not reported any data. Rates of early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding and continued breastfeeding to 1 year all varied considerably within the WHO European Region. Exclusive breastfeeding rates declined considerably after 4 months, and were low in infants under 6 months and at 6 months of age. The majority of the countries with existing data reported having a national infant and young child feeding policy and the establishment of a national committee on breastfeeding or infant and young child feeding. The majority of the countries with existing data reported having baby-friendly hospitals, although the proportion of baby-friendly hospitals to the total number of national hospitals with maternity units was low in most countries. Conclusions Breastfeeding practices within the WHO European Region, especially exclusive breastfeeding rates, are far from complying with the WHO recommendations. There are marked differences between countries in breastfeeding practices, infant and young child feeding policy adoption and proportion of baby-friendly hospitals.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Farida Ali:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2151-5885

allyfarry02@gmail.com

Melina Mgongo: linnabenny@yahoo.com

Redempta Mamseri: rmamseri2000@yahoo.co.uk

Johnston M. George: johnstongeorge70@gmail.com

Innocent B. Mboya: ib.mboya@gmail.com

Sia E. Msuya: siamsuya@hotmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int Breastfeed J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int Breastfeed J

Title: International Breastfeeding Journal

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1746-4358

Publication date (Electronic): 10 September 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 10 September 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 15

Electronic Location Identifier: 80

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.412898.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0648 0439, Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, , Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), ; P. O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania

[2 ]Better Health for African Mother and Child (BHAMC), P.O. Box 8418, Moshi, Tanzania

[3 ]GRID grid.412898.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0648 0439, Institute of Public Health, Department, Department of Community Medicine, , Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), ; P. O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania

[4 ]GRID grid.16463.36, ISNI 0000 0001 0723 4123, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, , University of KwaZulu Natal, ; Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa

[5 ]Department of Community Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), P. O. Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania

Author information

Farida Ali http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2151-5885

Article

Publisher ID: 322

DOI: 10.1186/s13006-020-00322-8

PMC ID: 7488056

PubMed ID: 32912320

SO-VID: 1323c131-f64f-4bd8-b369-4d3480bb51a8

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 15 March 2020

Date accepted : 2 September 2020

Funding

Funded by: DELTAS Africa Initiative grant

Award ID: DEL-15-011 to THRiVE-2

Award Recipient : Sia E. Msuya

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology

Keywords: breastfeeding,early initiation of breastfeeding,prevalence

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology

Keywords: breastfeeding, early initiation of breastfeeding, prevalence

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Prevalence of and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding among women with children aged < 24 months in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania: a community-based cross-sectional study

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Most cited references 15

Early initiation of breastfeeding: a systematic literature review of factors and barriers in South Asia

Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Nigeria: a population-based study using the 2013 demograhic and health survey data

Breastfeeding practices and policies in WHO European Region Member States

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