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      Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Of Syrian Refugee Mothers Towards Sexually Transmitted Infections

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          Refugee women are vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to risk factors associated with displacement. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to STIs among Syrian refugee mothers in Jordan.

          Methods

          A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with a convenience sample of 523 Syrian refugee mothers in host communities in Jordan.

          Results

          A moderately positive relationship between the mothers’ knowledge of and attitudes towards STIs (p<0.001) was found. Although Syrian refugee mothers’ attitudes towards STIs were reasonably good, they had poor knowledge about non-HIV causes of STIs and clinical symptoms. Spousal acceptance of using a condom was significantly associated with mothers’ STIs knowledge, attitude, length of being a refugee in Jordan and duration of marriage (p<0.05). Almost all Syrian refugee mothers (91.6%) and their spouses (95%) did not follow regular check-ups for STIs. Two-thirds of mothers’- spouses (66.6%) did not accept the usage of a condom during sexual intercourse.

          Conclusion

          Syrian refugee mothers have poor knowledge about non-HIV causes of STIs and clinical symptoms. They have poor practices concerning STI screening and prevention. It is imperative that nurses address these issues especially among refugees where in locales where resources are scarce.

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          Awareness and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among school-going adolescents in Europe: a systematic review of published literature

          Florence N Samkange-Zeeb, Lena Spallek, Hajo Zeeb (2011)
          Background Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major health problem affecting mostly young people, not only in developing, but also in developed countries. We conducted this systematic review to determine awareness and knowledge of school-going male and female adolescents in Europe of STDs and if possible, how they perceive their own risk of contracting an STD. Results of this review can help point out areas where STD risk communication for adolescents needs to be improved. Methods Using various combinations of the terms "STD", "HIV", "HPV", "Chlamydia", "Syphilis", "Gonorrhoea", "herpes", "hepatitis B", "knowledge", "awareness", and "adolescents", we searched for literature published in the PubMed database from 01.01.1990 up to 31.12.2010. Studies were selected if they reported on the awareness and/or knowledge of one or more STD among school-attending adolescents in a European country and were published in English or German. Reference lists of selected publications were screened for further publications of interest. Information from included studies was systematically extracted and evaluated. Results A total of 15 studies were included in the review. All were cross-sectional surveys conducted among school-attending adolescents aged 13 to 20 years. Generally, awareness and knowledge varied among the adolescents depending on gender. Six STDs were focussed on in the studies included in the review, with awareness and knowledge being assessed in depth mainly for HIV/AIDS and HPV, and to some extent for chlamydia. For syphilis, gonorrhoea and herpes only awareness was assessed. Awareness was generally high for HIV/AIDS (above 90%) and low for HPV (range 5.4%-66%). Despite knowing that use of condoms helps protect against contracting an STD, some adolescents still regard condoms primarily as an interim method of contraception before using the pill. Conclusion In general, the studies reported low levels of awareness and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases, with the exception of HIV/AIDS. Although, as shown by some of the findings on condom use, knowledge does not always translate into behaviour change, adolescents' sex education is important for STD prevention, and the school setting plays an important role. Beyond HIV/AIDS, attention should be paid to infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis.
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            "In My Culture, We Don't Know Anything About That": Sexual and Reproductive Health of Migrant and Refugee Women.

            Melissa Monteiro, Christine Metusela, Jane Ussher … (2017)
            Migrant and refugee women are at risk of negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes due to low utilisation of SRH services. SRH is shaped by socio-cultural factors which can act as barriers to knowledge and influence access to healthcare. Research is needed to examine constructions and experiences of SRH in non-English-speaking migrant and refugee women, across a range of cultural groups.
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              A qualitative study exploring child marriage practices among Syrian conflict-affected populations in Lebanon

              Rima Mourtada, Jennifer Schlecht, Jocelyn DeJong (2017)
              Background Recent reports have suggested that child marriage among Syrians may be increasing as a result of displacement and conflict. This study sought to gather qualitative data about the factors that promote child marriage practices among Syrian refugees in Al Marj area in the Bekaa valley, Lebanon, where the majority of Syrian refugees have settled in Lebanon. The second aim of this study was to generate recommendations on how to mitigate the drivers and consequences of child marriage practices based on the findings. Methods Eight focus group discussions were conducted separately with married and unmarried young women and mothers and fathers of married and unmarried women. Furthermore, researchers conducted 11 key informant interviews with service providers and stakeholders to understand how conflict and displacement influenced marriage practices of Syrian refugees in Al Marj community. Results Although child marriage was a common practice in pre-conflict Syria, new factors seem to contribute to a higher risk of child marriage among Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Respondents cited conflict- and displacement-related safety issues and feeling of insecurity, the worsening of economic conditions, and disrupted education for adolescent women as driving factors. Service providers, young women, and parents also reported changes in some marriage practices, including a shorter engagement period, lower bride price, change in cousin marriage practices, and a reduced age at marriage. Conclusions Recommendations for interventions to mitigate the drivers of child marriage and its negative consequences should be built on a clear understanding of the local refugee context and the drivers of child marriage in refugee settings. Interventions should involve multiple stakeholders, they should be adjusted to target each specific context, age group and marital status. For these interventions to be effective, they should be addressed concurrently, and they should be delivered in a culturally sensitive and practical manner.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Womens Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Womens Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJWH
                Journal ID (pmc): intjwh
                Title: International Journal of Women's Health
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Electronic): 1179-1411
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 November 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 11
                Pages: 607-615
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Maternal and Child Health Department, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan , Amman, Jordan
                [2 ]Clinical Nursing Department, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan , Amman, Jordan
                [3 ]School of Nursing, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dua’ Al-Maharma Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan , Amman11942, JordanTel +962 6 5355000 Ext 23179Fax +9626−5300244 Email d.maharma@ju.edu.jo
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-9175
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0820-4262
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-8332
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8126-5147
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1015-1975
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2796-3005
                Article
                Publisher ID: 221605
                DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S221605
                PMC ID: 6875229
                PubMed ID: 31819665
                SO-VID: 136663c8-d31b-4809-95be-aeb9c032995b
                Copyright © © 2019 Al-Maharma et al.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 02 July 2019
                Date accepted : 09 October 2019
                Page count
                Tables: 3, References: 31, Pages: 9
                Funding
                Funded by: Columbia University 10.13039/100006474
                This work was supported by the Columbia University.
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Keywords: condom use,jordan,reproductive health,screening,stis kap,syrian refugee
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Keywords: condom use, jordan, reproductive health, screening, stis kap, syrian refugee

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