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      Biopsychosocial Aspects of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: How Central and Environmental Processes Contribute to the Development and Expression of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

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          AGA technical review on irritable bowel syndrome.

          Douglas Drossman, Michael Camilleri, Emeran Mayer … (2002)
          Article 0 comments Cited 264 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Psychological stress and corticotropin-releasing hormone increase intestinal permeability in humans by a mast cell-dependent mechanism.

            Tim Vanuytsel, Sander van Wanrooy, Hanne Vanheel … (2014)
            Intestinal permeability and psychological stress have been implicated in the pathophysiology of IBD and IBS. Studies in animals suggest that stress increases permeability via corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-mediated mast cell activation. Our aim was to investigate the effect of stress on intestinal permeability in humans and its underlying mechanisms.
            Article 0 comments Cited 203 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Immune activation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

              Tobias Liebregts, Birgit Adam, Christoph Bredack … (2007)
              We set out to test the hypothesis that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by an augmented cellular immune response with enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines. We further aimed to explore whether symptoms and psychiatric comorbidity in IBS are linked to the release of proinflammatory cytokines. We characterized basal and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 55 IBS patients (18 mixed-, 17 constipation-, 20 diarrhea-predominant) and 36 healthy controls (HCs). PBMCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and cultured for 24 hours with or without (1 ng/mL) LPS. Cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, interleukin [IL]-1beta, and IL-6) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Abdominal symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities were assessed by using the validated Bowel Disease Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. IBS patients showed significantly (P < .017) higher baseline TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and LPS-induced IL-6 levels compared with HCs. Analyzing IBS subgroups, all cytokine levels were significantly (P < .05) higher in diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) patients, whereas constipation-predominant IBS patients showed increased LPS-induced IL-1beta levels compared with HCs. Baseline TNF-alpha and LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients reporting more than 3 bowel movements per day, urgency, watery stools, and pain associated with diarrhea compared with patients without these symptoms (all P < .05). LPS-induced TNF-alpha production was associated significantly (r = 0.59, P < .001) with anxiety in patients with IBS. Patients with D-IBS display enhanced proinflammatory cytokine release, and this may be associated with symptoms and anxiety.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Gastroenterology
                Abbreviated Title: Gastroenterology
                Publisher: Elsevier BV
                ISSN (Print): 00165085
                Publication date Created: May 2016
                Publication date (Print): May 2016
                Volume: 150
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 1355-1367.e2
                Article
                DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.027
                PubMed ID: 27144624
                SO-VID: 1470c258-6e70-4530-8515-b52ca94f123c
                Copyright © © 2016
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