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      AVALIAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL POR DEXA EM ATLETAS DE DESPORTOS DE COMBATE Translated title: EVALUATION OF DEXA BODY COMPOSITION IN COMBAT SPORTS ATHLETES

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          Abstract

          RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Os desportos de combate referem-se a um conjunto de modalidades individuais de grande relevância no cenário desportivo mundial. A maioria dos desportos de combate é classificado por categorias de peso, como tal, os atletas tendem a reduzir ao máximo a sua massa gorda e mesmo a sua massa corporal para competir nas categorias de peso mais baixas. OBJETIVOS: Compreender a importância da DEXA na avaliação da composição corporal em atletas de desportos de combate. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura nas bases de dados Pubmed e ScienceDirect utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave “body composition”, “DXA”, “combat sport”, “Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry” com o determinante “AND”. Foram obtidos inicialmente 35 artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos e, posteriormente, analisados, primeiro pelo título, a seguir pela leitura do resumo. Após leitura do texto completo selecionamos 12 artigos. RESULTADOS: A DEXA de corpo inteiro permite uma estimativa rápida e fácil da composição corporal. Com relação aos métodos antropométricos, tem a vantagem de fornecer medidas de composição corporal total e regional. É precisa, reproduzível, rápida e envolve uma dose de radiação muito baixa para o paciente. Mostrou ser eficaz na avaliação da massa gorda, massa magra e conteúdo mineral ósseo, apresentando uma margem de erro muito baixa (2-6%). O acompanhamento dos atletas com o uso da DEXA pode ajudar na monitorização do risco de lesão. O custo elevado, a baixa disponibilidade do equipamento, a radiação que exige a manipulação por um profissional treinado, o facto de ser um método relativamente novo e a existência da contraindicação relativa ao peso do sujeito superior ao limite do peso da mesa são fatores limitantes do uso da DEXA. CONCLUSÕES: Esta revisão sistemática indica que a absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia (DEXA) está a ser considerada o novo golden standard para medição da composição corporal.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Combat sports refer to a set of individual modalities of great relevance in the world sports scene. Most combat sports are classified by weight categories, so athletes tend to reduce their fat mass and even their body mass as much as possible to compete in the lower weight categories. OBJECTIVES: Understand the importance of DEXA in the assessment of body composition in combat sports athletes. METHODOLOGY: A literature review was carried out in the Pubmed and Sciencedirect databases using the following keywords "body composition", "DXA", "combat sport", "Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry" with the determinant "AND". Initially, 35 articles published in the last 10 years were obtained and later analyzed, first by title, then by reading the abstract. After reading the full text, we selected 12 articles. RESULTS: Full-body DEXA allows quick and easy body composition estimation. With regard to anthropometric methods, it has the advantage of providing measures of total and regional body composition. It is accurate, reproducible, fast and involves a very low radiation dose for the patient. It proved to be effective in assessing fat mass, lean mass and bone mineral content, with a very low margin of error (2-6%). The monitoring of athletes with the use of DEXA can help in monitoring the risk of injury. The high cost, the low availability of the equipment, the radiation that requires manipulation by a trained professional, the fact that it is a relatively new method and the existence of a contraindication regarding the subject's weight above the limit of the table weight are limiting factors of use from DEXA. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review indicates that dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is being considered the new gold standard for measuring body composition.

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          Body composition by DXA

          Body composition measurements from DXA have been available since DXA technology was developed 30 years ago, but are historically underutilized. Recently, there have been rapid developments in body composition assessment including the analysis and publication of representative data for the US, official usage guidance from the International Society for Clinical Densitometry, and development of regional body composition measures with clinical utility. DXA body composition is much more than whole body percent fat. In this paper celebrating 30 years of DXA for body composition, we will review the principles of DXA soft tissue analysis, practical clinical and research applications, and what to look for in the future.
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            DXA: Technical aspects and application

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              Body composition of elite Olympic combat sport athletes.

              Physique traits of a range of elite athletes have been identified; however, few detailed investigations of Olympic combat sports (judo, wrestling, taekwondo and boxing) exist. This is surprising given the importance of body composition in weight category sports. We sought to develop a descriptive database of Olympic combat sport athletes, compare variables relative to weight division and examine differences within and between sports. Additionally, we investigated the appropriateness of athletes' self-selected weight classes compared to an internationally recognised classification system (the NCAA minimum wrestling weight scheme used to identify minimum 'safe' weight). Olympic combat sport athletes (56♂, 38♀) had body mass (BM), stretch stature and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry derived body composition assessed within 7-21 days of competition. Most athletes were heavier than their weight division. Sport had an effect (p < .05) on several physique traits, including; lean mass, lean mass distribution, stretch stature and BMI. BM was strongly positively correlated (r > 0.6) with; fat free mass, fat mass and body fat percentage, however, was not predictive of total mass/weight division. The Olympic combat sports differ in competitive format and physiological requirements, which is partly reflected in athletes' physique traits. We provide reference ranges for lean and fat mass across a range of BM. Lighter athletes likely must utilise acute weight loss in order to make weight, whereas heavier athletes can potentially reduce fat mass.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                apn
                Acta Portuguesa de Nutrição
                Acta Port Nutr
                Associação Portuguesa de Nutrição (Porto, , Portugal )
                2183-5985
                September 2022
                : 30
                : 58-61
                Affiliations
                [1] Coimbra orgnameInstituto Politécnico de Coimbra Portugal
                [2] Coimbra orgnameLaboratório de Investigação Aplicada em Saúde Portugal
                Article
                S2183-59852022000300058 S2183-5985(22)00003000058
                10.21011/apn.2022.3010
                149ea1f7-01d8-4eb4-a363-a8e643f4ec36

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 August 2022
                : 11 May 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Portugal

                Categories
                Artigo de Revisão

                Massa corporal,Composição corporal,Densidade mineral óssea,Desportos de combate,DEXA,Body composition,Bone mineral density,Combat Sports,Body mass

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