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      The C:N:P stoichiometry of organisms and ecosystems in a changing world: A review and perspectives

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      Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
      Elsevier BV

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          Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems

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            Nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in the coastal marine environment.

            The distribution of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus and bioassay experiments both show that nitrogen is the critical limiting factor to algal growth and eutrophication in coastal marine waters. About twice the amount of phosphate as can be used by the algae is normally present. This surplus results from the low nitrogen to phosphorus ratio in terrigenous contributions, including human waste, and from the fact that phosphorus regenerates more quickly than ammonia from decomposing organic matter. Removal of phosphate from detergents is therefore not likely to slow the eutrophication of coastal marine waters, and its replacement with nitrogen-containing nitrilotriacetic acid may worsen the situation.
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              Geochemical consequences of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on coral reefs

              A coral reef represents the net accumulation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) produced by corals and other calcifying organisms. If calcification declines, then reef-building capacity also declines. Coral reef calcification depends on the saturation state of the carbonate mineral aragonite of surface waters. By the middle of the next century, an increased concentration of carbon dioxide will decrease the aragonite saturation state in the tropics by 30 percent and biogenic aragonite precipitation by 14 to 30 percent. Coral reefs are particularly threatened, because reef-building organisms secrete metastable forms of CaCO3, but the biogeochemical consequences on other calcifying marine ecosystems may be equally severe.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
                Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
                Elsevier BV
                14338319
                February 2012
                February 2012
                : 14
                : 1
                : 33-47
                Article
                10.1016/j.ppees.2011.08.002
                15193a5c-73b4-4e67-aaa5-7ed07a8ad3dc
                © 2012

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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