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      Diagnosis and treatment of anaphylaxis: there is an urgent needs to implement the use of guidelines Translated title: Diagnóstico e tratamento da anafilaxia: há necessidade urgente de implementar o uso das diretrizes

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          ABSTRACT

          Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction that requires rapid and adequate care. This study aimed to obtain an integrated view of the level of physicians' knowledge related with treatment of anaphylaxis in studies published within the last 5 years. Sixteen studies were found and four points were identified as of the great interest to the authors: (1) emergency pharmacological treatment, (2) epinephrine auto-injectors prescription, (3) knowledge of the main signs of anaphylaxis, and (4) admission of the patient to verify biphasic reactions. Concern about the use of intramuscular adrenaline as the first choice in relation with anaphylaxis was evident in most studies, rather than its use in the comparison dial, and especially low in a study that included data from Brazil, in which the frequency of its use was 23.8%. An adrenaline autoinjector is highly recommended among specialists for patients at risk of anaphylaxis, however, its use is still infrequent among non-specialists and in countries that this agent is not available. Intervention studies have shown improved medical knowledge of anaphylaxis following disclosure of the information contained in the international guidelines. The analysis of these studies reinforces the need to disseminate international guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of anaphylaxis, as well as providing an adrenaline autoinjector, to improve management and to prevent a fatal outcome.

          RESUMO

          Anafilaxia é uma reação de hipersensibilidade generalizada ou sistêmica grave, com risco de morte, que exige atendimento rápido e correto. Este estudo teve como objetivo obter uma visão integrada do nível de conhecimento dos médicos no atendimento da anafilaxia à luz dos estudos publicados internacionalmente nos últimos 5 anos. Foram encontrados 16 estudos, com quatro pontos identificados como de maior interesse dos autores: (1) tratamento farmacológico de emergência, (2) prescrição de autoinjetores de adrenalina, (3) conhecimento dos principais indícios da anafilaxia e (4) observação do paciente para verificar reações bifásicas. A preocupação com o uso da adrenalina intramuscular como primeira escolha frente à anafilaxia foi evidente na maioria dos estudos, mas o conhecimento sobre seu uso se mostrou desigual e especialmente baixo em estudo que incluiu dados do Brasil, onde a frequência de seu uso foi de 23,8%. A adrenalina autoinjetável é altamente recomendada entre especialistas para pacientes em risco de anafilaxia, mas seu uso ainda é pouco frequente entre não especialistas e em países que não dispõem dela em seus mercados internos. Estudos de intervenção comprovaram a melhora no entendimento dos médicos sobre anafilaxia após a divulgação das informações contidas nas diretrizes internacionais. A análise dos estudos reforça a necessidade de disseminar as diretrizes internacionais no manejo da anafilaxia, bem como de disponibilizar a adrenalina autoinjetável, a fim de melhorar o atendimento e evitar um desfecho fatal.

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          Most cited references28

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          2015 update of the evidence base: World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines

          The World Allergy Organization (WAO) Guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis provide a unique global perspective on this increasingly common, potentially life-threatening disease. Recommendations made in the original WAO Anaphylaxis Guidelines remain clinically valid and relevant, and are a widely accessed and frequently cited resource. In this 2015 update of the evidence supporting recommendations in the Guidelines, new information based on anaphylaxis publications from January 2014 through mid- 2015 is summarized. Advances in epidemiology, diagnosis, and management in healthcare and community settings are highlighted. Additionally, new information about patient factors that increase the risk of severe and/or fatal anaphylaxis and patient co-factors that amplify anaphylactic episodes is presented and new information about anaphylaxis triggers and confirmation of triggers to facilitate specific trigger avoidance and immunomodulation is reviewed. The update includes tables summarizing important advances in anaphylaxis research.
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            Pediatric anaphylaxis: triggers, clinical features, and treatment in a tertiary-care hospital.

            Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition. There are limited data about its etiology and clinical characteristics in Asian children with anaphylaxis.
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              Anaphylaxis knowledge and practice preferences of pediatric emergency medicine physicians: a national survey.

              To assess the knowledge and practice preferences of anaphylaxis in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians by practice setting, and to identify factors associated with intramuscular (IM) epinephrine administration and admission of patients with anaphylaxis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Einstein (Sao Paulo)
                Einstein (Sao Paulo)
                eins
                Einstein
                Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein
                1679-4508
                2317-6385
                Oct-Dec 2017
                Oct-Dec 2017
                : 15
                : 4
                : 500-506
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Maria Luiza Kraft Köhler Ribeiro – Rua Padre Camargo, 280 – Alto da Glória – Zip code: 80060-240 – Curitiba, PR, Brazil – Phone: (55 41) 99936-8743 – E-mail: malukohler@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1679-45082017RW4089
                10.1590/S1679-45082017RW4089
                5875169
                29236793
                15f76bea-211d-44b7-a199-a5df82e83c54

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 19 April 2017
                : 23 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Review

                anaphylaxis/diagnosis,anaphylaxis/drug therapy,epinephrine/therapeutic use,anafilaxia/diagnóstico,anafilaxia/tratamento farmacológico,epinefrina/uso terapêutico

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