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      Reformas eleitorais na América Latina: grandes expectativas, poucos casos, resultados perversos Translated title: Electoral reforms in Latin America: great expectations, few cases, perverse outcomes

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          Abstract

          Este texto pretende realizar um balanço de reformas eleitorais nas regras para a escolha de cadeiras legislativas na América Latina a partir da terceira onda da democracia. Na primeira parte, é feita uma revisão dos estudos sobre sistemas eleitorais, considerando, em particular, os efeitos políticos provocados pelas regras de conversão de votos em mandatos eletivos e os fatores que contribuem para a realização de reformas eleitorais. Na segunda parte, são examinadas as reformas eleitorais promovidas na América Latina, buscando identificar fatores que tenham contribuído para sua realização. Na terceira seção, foram analisadas as consequências provocadas pelas mudanças nos sistemas eleitorais, especialmente aquelas relacionadas ao grau de competição partidária, volatilidade eleitoral e a desestruturação dos sistemas partidários após a implementação das reformas.

          Translated abstract

          This article seeks to compare electoral reforms aimed at changing the rules for the choice of legislative seats in Latin America, since the third wave of democracy. In the first section, it is presented a literature review on electoral systems studies, considering especially the political effects of the rules on how seats are distributed according to votes, and the factors that contribute to induce electoral reforms as well. In the second section, the electoral reforms promoted in Latin America are analyzed with the purpose of identifying the factors that contributed to produce such reforms. In the third section, the consequences of changes in the electoral systems are analyzed, focusing those associated to the degree of party competition and electoral volatility.

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          Most cited references47

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          An Economic Theory of Democracy

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            Setting the Rules of the Game: The Choice of Electoral Systems in Advanced Democracies

            Looking at the history of democracies in the developed world, I show that electoral systems derive from the decisions the ruling parties make to maximize their representation according to the following conditions. As long as the electoral arena does not change and the current electoral regime benefits the ruling parties, the electoral system is not altered. As the electoral arena changes (due to the entry of new voters or a change in voters' preferences), the ruling parties modify the electoral system, depending on the emergence of new parties and the coordinating capacities of the old parties. When the new parties are strong, the old parties shift from plurality/majority to proportional representation if no old party enjoys a dominant position, but they do not do this if there is a dominant old party. When new entrants are weak, a system of nonproportional representation is maintained, regardless of the structure of the old party system.
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              The Perils of Presidentialism

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                soc
                Sociologias
                Sociologias
                Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia - UFRGS (Porto Alegre )
                1807-0337
                December 2012
                : 14
                : 31
                : 238-268
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                Article
                S1517-45222012000300011
                10.1590/S1517-45222012000300011
                164b3bf2-a1a3-4a9c-9e4b-867e98adb308

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1517-4522&lng=en
                Categories
                SOCIOLOGY

                Sociology
                Democracy,Political parties,Voting systems,Electoral reforms,Latin America,Democracia,Partidos,Voto,Reformas eleitorais,América Latina

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